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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology” |
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#2 / 2024HistoryBABICH I.L., BABICH T.L.“NATIONALISM TURNED OUT TO BE STRONGER THAN THE IDEAS OF BROTHERHOOD”: MASONIC IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN EMIGRATION IN THE 1920S-1930S
The article investigates the reasons why North Caucasians agreed to participate in the activities of Russian (and later Caucasian) lodges in France in the 1920s-1930s. The sources for this study include archival materials obtained by the authors from two lodges in France—the Grand Orient de France and the Grande Loge de France—as well as documents from the lodge “Northern Star” (the works of L. Kandaurov, P. Pereverzev, and P. Buryshkin). The authors identify three phases of mass recruitment of Caucasians into Russian lodges: 1923–1924, represented by the lodge “Astraea”; 1924–1926, associated with the lodge “Golden Fleece”; and 1927–1928, linked to the lodge “Prometheus”. The article demonstrates that the motivations and significance of North Caucasians’ involvement in Russian Masonic lodges during these three phases were both shared and distinct. The authors address the question of whether the experience of North Caucasian emigrants participating in these three Masonic lodges contributed to their socio-political life. It seems that, overall, this experience did not yield significant results for the movement. Nevertheless, individual North Caucasians, such as G. Gazdanov, I. Gaidar, and K.N. Khagondokov, not only gained personal insights into spiritual development but also provided socio-political benefits, albeit not for the Caucasus specifically, but rather for the Russian emigration community as a whole.
FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL EDUCATION IN THE KUBAN REGION IN THE 1860s – EARLY 20th CENTURY
The article examines the process of formation of pedagogical education in the Kuban region in the 1860s – early XX century based on archival materials and statistical data. The chronological framework of the work is determined by the fact that it was during this period that professional pedagogical education began to emerge as an independent direction within the humanities in Russia. This research is particularly relevant in the context of the contemporary crisis in pedagogical education. Additionally, the topic holds historiographical significance, as it has not been subject to comprehensive study until now. In pursuit of the stated goal—analyzing the process of establishing and organizing pedagogical institutions in Kuban—the following research tasks have been set: to examine the state of education in Kuban; to analyze the development of the legislative framework concerning education; and to trace the formation of professionally oriented educational institutions. The study illustrates, through specific examples, the interrelationship between the establishment of pedagogical institutions and the efforts of Russian authorities. The article highlights the specific characteristics of pedagogical education development in Kuban, which are influenced by the region’s colonization patterns and its social and national structure. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that, in general, the educational institutions established in the Kuban region met the demands of the time. However, negative phenomena such as the lack of systemic approaches in educational policy, insufficient funding, and the absence of higher pedagogical institutions in the region are also noted.
THE PROBLEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION BY CORRESPONDENCE IN THE TRAINING OF PERSONNEL FOR THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM
In this article the authors investigate the problem of personnel training for the judicial system of the Russian Federation. The judicial system consists of courts of different levels, which in turn have in their structure two important components, namely judges and court staff. A court session secretary has the opportunity, provided they possess the necessary skills and knowledge, to eventually become a judge’s assistant After accruing five years of legal experience, this individual may then have the chance to apply for a judge’s position. However, it is crucial for the future judge’s competence how they obtained their higher legal education. In modern Russia it is possible to get higher education both full-time and part-time.
The paper aims to study the problem of getting higher legal education by personnel of the judicial system and to develop recommendations for improving legislation in this area. The authors argue that to enhance the competency level of future judges, it is necessary to tighten the educational requirements for candidates seeking judicial positions by amending the Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated June 26, 1992, No. 3132-1 “On the Status of Judges in the Russian Federation” (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law “On the Status of Judges”). This amendment should stipulate that only those individuals who hold a diploma in higher legal education obtained through full-time study as their first higher education, as well as those candidates who have acquired higher legal education through part-time study as their second higher education, should be eligible for the profession of judge. Conversely, candidates who have obtained their first higher legal education through part-time study should not be permitted to become judges.
SociologyAVAKYAN R.A.STUDENT YOUTH AND THEIR MODERN SOCIALIZATION CHALLENGES IN AN INFORMATION SOCIETY
The relevance of this study is determined by the increasing role of the modern information society in the process of socialization of young people as well as student youth and the risks it poses. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristic features of student youth, analyze their number and identify modern factors affecting the process of their socialization. The key features of modern trends in the definition of the concepts of “youth” and “student youth” are analyzed. A statistical analysis of the number of young people in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Adyghea over the past 20 years is carried out. The characteristics of student youth are revealed, as well as ideological guidelines that determine their social status. The influence of the modern information society on the process of socialization of young people is studied, and risk factors are identified. The challenges and risks of cyber-socialization, digital socialization and information socialization are described, nominating the processes of assimilation of social experience by young people in the context of the information society and widespread digitalization, which make qualitative changes in the structure of self-consciousness of the individual. The role of social networks and online communities in the process of socialization of young people, as well as their influence on the conduct of daily social activity, is revealed. The problems reflecting the peculiarities of student youth interaction with the modern digital space are formulated.
THE HAPPINESS INDEX OF STUDENT YOUTH IN THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGHEA: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EMPIRICAL SEARCH
The article identifies the main indicators of happiness and provides their characteristics based on the results of a sociological survey of student youth in the Republic of Adyghea. The sociological research method serves as the primary indicator for assessing the parametric characteristics of happiness, complemented by a psychological approach. The author’s understanding of happiness is based on N. Luhmann’s theory of structuralism, which examines it from the perspective of the dialectic between emotional and linguistic components. Special attention is given to the interpretation of the value component of happiness, which is explained through the generalization of social perception of the present and future. The empirical basis of the study relies on the results of a mass survey conducted among students of Adyghe State University and Maykop State Technological University (N=300). The findings indicate that happiness, as perceived by the student youth of the Republic of Adyghea, is represented by both traditional and modern value orientations. It is concluded that happiness serves as an integral indicator that encompasses not only the psycho-emotional and value components of satisfaction in the current period but also specific expectations regarding personal development trajectories in the future and achieving a desired level of well-being in the long term.
PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF STRATEGIC PLANNING OF MEGACITY INFRASTRUCTURE: MODELING OF CROSS-BORDER INNOVATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN-CHINESE BORDER AREA
The main goal is to examine the priority directions of strategic planning for the innovative development of the infrastructure of megacities and their role in the Russian-Chinese border area.
The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is based on the works of leading scientists and analysts in the field of economic sociology and urban studies, foreign economic public discourse, Chinese studies, digital humanities and urban studies, international division of labor and cooperation. The concept of a “smart city”, implemented in Russia and China, is taken as a basis. The main tasks include defining the author’s position on planning innovative technologies for the development of megacity and large urban infrastructure in Russia and China, as well as conducting typologies under conditions of intensive cooperation and technology exchange.
The final results demonstrate calculations for the restructuring of the main capital funds to create an innovative system of megalopolis infrastructure to reduce socio-economic risks in the Russian-Chinese border area, subsequently facilitating the formation of a cross-border supercity integrated into the economic development plans of both countries. The authors substantiate the introduction of such concepts as a cross-border megapolis and a cross-border megalopolis agglomeration, proving its justification by the example of the northeastern provinces of China and the Russian Far East, while drawing parallels with the history of the states and regions of the Caucasus.
LANGUAGE SITUATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
The article analyses the prospects of Yakut language development taking into account the results of qualitative and quantitative sociological research conducted in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in 2022 and 2023. A comparison with identical studies carried out in the Volga and Urals republics is made The analysis highlights common problematic areas concerning educational standards, where the Russian language predominates, as well as the impact of digitalization processes that contribute to the strengthening of the Russian language within bilingual environments Expert opinions regarding effective tools for the preservation and development of languages are presented, particularly evaluating the role of media and journalism in the Yakut language within the digital landscape. Comparing the results of quantitative (monitoring surveys) and qualitative research (expert interviews and focus groups) conducted in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the impact of digitalisation on language processes is also revealed. The expert community is concerned about the linguistic competence of the younger generation, as evidenced by the level of proficiency of Sakha children in their native Yakut language. According to survey results, 20% of parents rate their children’s knowledge of the Yakut language as ‘satisfactory’, while 10% of Sakha children ‘do not know’ their native language at all or have an ‘unsatisfactory’ command of it. It is noted that content in national languages is currently not competitive with the predominant Russian and English languages on the Internet, with insufficient volume to influence language processes. The authors believe that with sufficient state support for media in national languages and the engagement of ethno-bloggers, it is possible to promote national languages in the digital environment. It is noted that the standards of general education reduce the motivation to learn the native language. The authors propose to ensure this motivation through examinations (United State Exams – EGE and OGE) in native languages. In addition, it is suggested that a new generation of textbooks be produced for the study of the Yakut language, taking into account modern methodological requirements. Experts note the lack of parity between Russian and Yakut languages, although the legislative framework is positively assessed. However, focus groups reveal that the situation regarding the parity of development between the two state languages in the RS (Y) varies across different economic zones of Yakutia. Quantitative and qualitative sociological research has shown that the number of Sakha bilinguals within Yakut society is quite substantial (approximately 40-45%, and possibly even more). It can be hypothesized that this group will be promising for establishing a parity in language functioning in the future.
CINEMATOGRAPHY AS A TOOL OF SOCIO-CULTURAL CONSTRUCTION
The article examines cinematography from the perspective of socio-cultural design. The study traces the process of cinema becoming an ideological tool. Within the framework of this topic, a brief overview of the first thinkers who wrote about the role of cinema in shaping the sociocultural context is given.
The first part of the work substantiates the value of cinema as a multimedia phenomenon capable of creating meaningful images. An analysis is carried out of the ideas of scientists and artists such as Lev Kuleshov, Sergey Eisenstein, Vsevolod Pudovkin who influenced the modern understanding of cinema. The second part is devoted to the concept of the image in cinema, as proposed by Dziga Vertov and further developed by Gilles Deleuze. According to Vertov’s ideas, with the help of a camera and editing, one can change the transmitted image and prompt the viewer to look at the object differently. This characteristic of cinema enables it to create cultural concepts. The third part briefly examines the concepts of the image of movement and the image of time, which J. Deleuze considered the core of cinema and the basis of meaning-making. According to the French thinker, cinema moves our thoughts through these two main concepts. Given that Deleuze’s analysis of images in cinema is highly detailed, this article provides only a general overview of these images.
APPROBATION OF THE SCALE FOR ASSESSING THE COMFORT OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR WOMEN: ON THE EXAMPLE OF A DISTRICT IN ROSTOV-ON-DON
The differences between men and women in their use of urban infrastructure (public transport, sidewalks, ramps, shops, pharmacies, etc.) are influenced by the functional responsibilities imposed by contemporary society. In most cases, women are primarily responsible for the care of children and elderly relatives, often balancing these duties with their work. This results in a traditional route in the city for women that differs from that of men. The aim of this study is to describe and classify the requirements that women have for urban infrastructure and to evaluate one of the microdistricts in Rostov-on-Don using the developed scale. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved: a classification of women’s requirements for urban infrastructure was conducted based on observational methods and content analysis; a system for evaluating districts/cities was proposed based on this classification; and this system was subsequently tested in one of the microdistricts of Rostov-on-Don. The results of the evaluation determined the comfort level of the studied microdistrict for women of various ages. We believe that the proposed evaluation can be used within the framework of sociological analysis of urban spaces to further enhance the comfort of Russian cities.
PROFESSIONAL CULTURE OF THE YOUTH OF THE NEET GENERATION
The article provides an analysis of statistical data on the level of employment, unemployment, temporary employment of young people aged 25 to 64 years. It also presents the concept of NEET youth and describes the specifics of the employment problems of this group. The category of young people aged 15 to 29 who do not work, do not receive education and vocational training are called NEET youth. The abbreviation NEET stands for neither in employment nor in education or training. The paper presents the results of a secondary sociological analysis, for which statistical data presented in the form of reports of the Statistical Service of the European Union were used. The problems of over-competence of a specialist are considered. It is established that the state of youth employment is closely related to the education and training system and reflects the discrepancy between the skills acquired by young people during their studies and the skills required by employers. This problem is currently relevant for the world labor market and the education system. The conclusion is made about the process of forming the professional culture of NEET youth.
TRANSFORMATION OF PERSONAL ACTULIZATION: LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATIVE AND DISCURSIVE PERSONALITY
The linguistic turn in socio-humanitarian research emphasizes the personality as the subject constructing social reality. The multifaceted nature of the individual underscores its predominant role as an object of study for philosophers, sociologists, linguists, and psychologists. A person constructs reality in the process of social communication, using language as the main mechanism of interaction. The specificity of the personality lies in the combination of linguistic, communicative and discursive actualization. Language personality determines the use of natural language(s); the communicative personality possesses a set of skills for selecting appropriate forms of communication, including verbal, non-verbal, graphic, kinesic, proxemic, and other modalities; the discursive personality generates meanings and new knowledge as components of content. The phenomenon of discursive personality is directly related to the concepts of discourse. Numerous options for interpreting discourse are characterized by different methodological perspectives – structural-functional, pragmatic, ideological, communicative. It is the communicative methodology that serves as the starting point of this research. The concept of discourse is associated with text as a result of social communication, but text can be presented verbally and non-verbally. Discourses created by an individual must be adequate to the needs and requirements of society and exist in the context of a certain sociocultural communicative field.
SOCIAL JUSTICE AS A BASIC SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUE OF MODERN RUSSIA
The article highlights the problematization of social justice as one of the basic principles of modern society in the domestic socio-humanitarian discourse. A retrospective analysis of the leading concepts of social justice is carried out, characterizing development within the framework of social research. The prospects for using the sociocultural approach as a methodological basis for the interdisciplinary study of social justice, identifying the civilizational and cognitive aspects of its representation in domestic social philosophy are determined. Based on the analysis of the results from applied research on perceptions of social justice in modern Russia, the main trends in the understanding of this phenomenon and the associated problematic situations are identified. The authors present a version of the evolution of the understanding of social justice in Russian society, suggesting its alignment with the broader European paradigm while incorporating ideas that reflect the specifics of the domestic political-legal and cultural-historical experience. Factors influencing the Russian interpretation of social justice include the dominance of state structures characteristic of the Russian social context, coupled with the weakness of the civil sector, as well as the inorganic and incomplete nature of social modernization. The thesis is argued that there is an increasing social tension regarding a wide range of issues related to social justice in contemporary Russian society.
FUNCTIONAL GEOGRAPHIC LITERACY OF THE POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGHEA
In the 21st century, modern humanity has entered an era of globalization, informatization, and communication. In these conditions, the role of geography is recognized as an important component in the comprehensive understanding of the spatial diversity and integrity of the Earth as well as the natural scientific picture of the world. Knowledge of geography shapes geographic culture, which is part of human culture as a whole. Geographical knowledge enables us to understand and evaluate the complex system of relationships between people and their territories. In this regard, there has been an increased focus from the state on the issue of geographical competence and literacy among the population of Russia. The decline in the level of geographical education and, in general, functional literacy of the Russian population determined the relevance of analyzing the results of the educational campaign “Geographical Dictation”.
Research Objective: To substantiate the level of geographical functional literacy among the population of the Republic of Adyghea and to explore potential pathways for its enhancement.
Research Tasks:
1. To show the dynamics of the level of geographic literacy of the population of the Republic of Adyghea according to the geographical campaign “Geographical Dictation”.
2. To determine ways of increasing geographic literacy of the younger generation of the Republic of Adyghea.
Research Object: indicators of the results of the geographical dictation from 2019 to 2022, which determine the geographical literacy of the population of Adyghea.
Research Subject: ways of improving the quality of geographical literacy of the population of Adyghea.
Research methods: sociological methods, statistical analysis, interviewing.
AREAS OF ACTIVITY OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF RUSSIAN SOCIAL AND PROFESSIONAL COMMUNITIES
The relevance of the article is related to the development of civil society in Russia, of which socio-professional communities are also a part. These are independent public organizations that unite representatives of professions and those actually engaged in various types of work in their ranks. However, not all citizens participate in their work, despite the interest of the state and society in civic engagement.
The methodological basis of the concept of socio-professional communities includes institutional and comparative methods. Within the framework of the institutional method, socio-professional communities are considered as social organizations. The comparative method is used to compare the activities of socio-professional communities. The empirical basis of the study is based on the results of the author’s sociological online survey of participants in socio-professional communities (N=223).
The results of the author’s sociological research show that socio-professional communities as a whole have the potential for development. To achieve this, it is necessary to develop information work with their potential participants. Many socio-professional communities are engaged in educational, social protection and educational activities. The work of some of them intensified against the background of Russia’s special military operation in the Ukraine in 2022. It is among the enlightening, educational and socially protective communities that collective interaction is ensured. Among engineers, entrepreneurs, and partly ecologists, individualistic attitudes prevail, which is why their social-professional communities are very rare.
THE ECOLOGICAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE YOUTH OF KRASNODAR: BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF STUDENTS OF THE KUBAN STATE TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
Youth as a socio-demographic group represents the future development of any society. Therefore, the future of a country and the preservation of ecological balance on Earth depend on the formed ecological values and norms, ecological culture, and ecological consciousness of young people. The existing environmental problems underscore the relevance of studying the ecological consciousness of young people.
The purpose of this article is to study the environmental consciousness of the youth of the Krasnodar Krai (on the example of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kuban State Technological University”). The sociological research was carried out through a questionnaire from April 20 to May 20, 2023 among full-time students of all courses and areas of study of the Kuban State Technological University, a total of 1,231 participants. The survey was conducted electronically using a random sample. The article also provides a secondary analysis of the results of sociological research on the studied issues of the Russian Public Opinion Research Center.
Based on the analysis of theoretical material and empirical research, the author concludes that today it is important to pay sufficient attention to ecological education, the formation of ecological consciousness, ecological socialization and the development of ecological culture of youth. The formation of ecological values and an active civic position will serve as an effective prevention measure against environmental disasters, as it has always been believed that the future of Russia depends on this age group.
ReviewsKhakuasheva M.A.“BZE. THE LANGUAGE CODE OF THE UNIVERSE”: monograph/authors: M.L.Kardanov. M.A.Umetov. – Nalchik, 2023. Book One. 248 p.
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