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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology” |
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#1 / 2024HistorySCHNEIDER V.G., SAVELYEV V.A.FIGHTING THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE FAMINE OF 1921-1922 IN ARMAVIR, NORTH CAUCASUS
The paper explores one of the aspects of the famine that struck Soviet Russia in 1921-1922. Specifically, the authors are discussing the system of measures taken by the Armavir district executive committee, which, in cooperation with the All-Russian Committee for Famine Relief and the American Relief Administration (ARA), focused on eliminating the consequences of the crop failure of 1921 which led to famine. The number of starving people in the Kuban-Black Sea region in 1922 reached half a million, including 150 thousand children. In total, in the South-Eastern region this number exceeded 2 million 300 thousand people. The mortality rate in Armavir in 1922 doubled compared to the annual average in the 1920-1930s. The authors used the archive data to reconstruct the list of actions taken by local authorities in cooperation with the ARA to save the starving population. This list included using American flour to bake bread, searching for buildings for meal stations, and creating additional canteens to feed unemployed Armavir residents. The authors note that the ARA also provided assistance with clothing. In general, the paper concludes that local authorities actively used opportunities provided to them by the foreign assistance, which undoubtedly saved the lives of many Armavir residents.
SociologyESHEV M.A., PLOTNIKOV V.V., PLOTNIKOV N.V.,KUCHMEZOV R.N.SOCIAL, CULTURAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS OF CHANGES IN THE DYNAMICS OF ILLEGAL ACTIVITY DURING THE PANDEMIC: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS
This study provides a retrospective analysis of the factors of criminalization of society during the COVID-19 epidemic. The authors proceed from the following semantic attitudes. A pandemic as a social phenomenon is a uniquely destructive, destabilizing factor in society, and one of the consequences of a pandemic is the increase of predisposition of members of society to commit crimes. At the same time, structural changes in society initiate not only quantitative changes in the criminal sphere, but also its qualitative change, associated with the emergence of new types of crimes and the transformation of existing ones. Based on this thesis, the article analyzes the totality of social, cultural, and institutional factors that change the dynamics of illegal activity.
MATERNITY CAPITAL AND REPRODUCTIVE PATTERNS OF THE DAGESTANI POPULATION
The demographic problem is currently particularly relevant for modern Russian society. Various researchers confirm that the Russian society experiences depopulation. Naturally, there is a need to promptly take measures that can improve the birth rate situation. One of these measures is the payment of maternity capital, the purpose of which is to stimulate the birth rate. The paper describes the existing academic understanding of the role of family capital in solving the problem of fertility. It is noted that the migration of external labor migrants to Russia is due to the desire to receive social benefits and maternity capital, which places a heavy burden on the social protection fund of the population. Taking into account this circumstance, the legislative act was amended, designating the cohort that would receive the family capital. Based on the author's research, a positive perception of family capital has been established, with society recognizing its potential in increasing fertility, improving the material well-being of the family. However, in the mass consciousness of the Dagestani population, there is also a critical assessment of maternity capital: maternity capital will not solve the demographic issue because a young family faces many socio-economic problems related to a child’s education in day care and school, low quality of medical services, lack of employment. Therefore, the increase in the birth rate is determined by a whole range of factors, and the priority of the government is to improve the financial situation of the family.
THE RUSSIAN POPULATION’S TRUST IN FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
The modern rapidly changing conditions of the development of the Russian economy causes significant changes in the financial behavior of the population, directly reflecting the public's trust in financial institutions. The change in the financial behavior of the population is influenced by many factors, among which researchers distinguish objective and subjective. Objective factors include the level of inflation, interest rates, the state of financial institutions, monetary income, exchange rate, money supply. Subjective factors include the expectation of the population regarding the development of the country's economy, the level of trust in financial institutions, and the desire to accumulate funds.
The field of social analysis of the behavior of actors is particularly interested in the subjective factors that determine the level of trust or distrust in financial institutions in Russia. This paper examines the trust of the Russian citizens in financial institutions, the reasons for the formation of a certain level of trust in financial institutions, as well as the impact of the formed level of public confidence on the socio-economic development of the country.
MEMORY POLITICS AS A TOOL FOR FORMING REGIONAL IDENTITY: THE CONTENT ANALYSIS METHOD
This paper explores several variants of regional identity existing in the multiethnic Krasnodar Territory today (Cossack, urban, Adygo-Shapsug, Black Sea). The members of these identities are in varying degrees of complementarity with each other and have different ideas about the past. As a result, there is an increasing need for the regional authorities to conduct a systematic memory policy. Therefore, the purpose of the proposed paper is to identify the consolidating potential of the memory policy in the Krasnodar Territory, aimed at the formation of a civic unity in the form of an integral regional identity. To do this, a content analysis is carried out of 450 posts of official communities of regional and municipal authorities on the VKontakte social network from the period between 2021 and 2023. As a result, it is concluded that today, along with the image of the Great Patriotic War, a new theme occupies a central place in the repertoire of memory politics – a special military operation.
SOCIAL IDENTITY IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE RISKOLOGICAL APPROACH
The paper provides a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of social identity in accordance with the riskological approach. The necessity of academic comprehension of identification risks in view of variability and uncertainty of modern society is substantiated. The article presents the analysis from the main directions to study of risks, the structure and characteristics of risk. It is determined that risk is a complex social formation, combining objective and subjective parameters. The features of social and sociocultural risks are considered. It is argued that sociocultural risks affect the self-consciousness and identification processes of the individual and ethnos.
Identification risks are threats caused by the creation or maintenance of social identity, and the multilevel nature of social identity determines a number of risks for each level. Risks for national-civil, ethnic, regional, religious, civilizational identities are analyzed. The author concludes that risks at different levels intersect and complement each other, risk becomes a challenge to identity, but also necessary for social development.
THREATS AND CHALLENGES OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE CULTURAL SPHERE
The study attempts to comprehend the challenges and threats that manifest themselves in the field of culture in connection to the processes of digitalization. The paper analyzes the essence of the ongoing changes in culture in connection with the introduction of innovative information technologies. The author draws attention to the fact that digitalization as one of the directions of technological progress and a consequence of the globalization of socio-economic development carries threats of shifting the understanding of the fundamental goals of national culture to their means – digitalization, understood as the ultimate goal. The article presents facts of inefficient use of funds for the implementation of digital cultural projects and insufficient preparation of information events in cultural institutions from the point of view of their advertising promotion, which devalues the goals of the federal project “Digitalization of services and the formation of information space in the field of culture (“Digital Culture”)” and makes it impossible to sustainably develop the cultural sphere. Technocracy in the form of digitalization poses a threat to the main national cultural values, depriving the cultural sovereignty of the state based on the spiritual principle that has been formed for centuries.
ARMENIAN DIASPORA IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN THE KRASNODAR REGION
The purpose of the study is to highlight the role of the Armenian diaspora in the system of interethnic relations in the Krasnodar region. The study is based on empirical data from a survey of representatives of the Armenian ethnic group (N = 498), transcripts of focus group discussions, and expert interviews with leaders of public associations conducted in six municipalities of the region (Krasnodar, Novorossiysk, Sochi, Gelendzhik, Belorechensky district, Tuapse district). Open materials from the media and Internet resources were also used. Institutional practices in working with the Armenian diaspora have been identified from the perspective of activities in the Republic of Armenia and Russia, taking into account the specifics of the diaspora phenomenon, which lies in its dual position in relation to the host country and historical homeland. The place of national-cultural organizations is shown, in whose events and projects representatives of the Armenian ethnic group are actively included to achieve interethnic compromise. Using the example of the Krasnodar Territory, the structure of the Armenian diaspora was examined, the components of the self-perception of diaspora representatives were highlighted, and the key problems faced by Armenian migrants were characterized. The author determined that the Armenian community is overcoming its internal heterogeneity for various reasons, but the Armenian diaspora in the region remains an important institution that solves the problems of promoting interethnic and interreligious dialogue.
SOCIAL TIME AND HISTORICAL MEMORY: SYSTEMIC CORRELATIONS IN THE CULTURAL SPACE OF MODERN RUSSIA
The paper considers the correlative connections between social time and historical memory. Modern Russian reality makes its own adjustments to the functioning of social and historical memory, while the irreversibility of the development of society as one of the transformations of matter and social consciousness also dictates the presence of connections with social time. Historical memory is characterized by social differentiation and lability: the ideal reality that such memory produces is subject to constant updating, but at the same time it is significant and authentic, like eventual reality. The author comes to the conclusion about the importance of these fundamental points for sociology: it becomes possible to abstract from theorizing in the sphere of interaction of subjective and objective time and model social time in aspects of a personal life path and the paths of development of a nation. In the cultural space of modern Russia, there is a need to create a balance between social and historical memory in order to harmonize the functioning of the individual and society in the parameters of social time.
SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS DETERMINING THE CHOICE OF SANATORIUM AND RESORT SERVICES IN THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY
One of the priority directions of the Krasnodar Territory's development is to increase competitiveness and expand the number of all-season resorts.
The culture of consumption of sanatorium and resort services by Russians is a reflection of their attitude to the socio-economic reality of the modern society. Obtaining new information about the socio-cultural factors influencing the choice of sanatorium and resort services and the peculiarities of consumer behavior of Russians in this market is necessary for the transformation of the socio-economic sphere, as well as the development of this type of market in the Krasnodar Territory with more efficiency.
To study the assessment by consumers of sanatorium and resort services in the Krasnodar Territory, the following methods were used: secondary analysis of sociological research by VTSIOM; analysis of statistical data; analysis of theoretical and factual material. The authors independently developed tools and conducted a sociological survey by means of a questionnaire among residents of the Krasnodar Territory and Krasnodar. A total of 1,700 people, aged 18 to 72, were interviewed.
The survey made it possible to identify the main consumers of sanatorium services: urban citizens aged 31–59, with higher education. This socio-demographic group positively assessed the quality of services provided, as well as road safety, developed infrastructure, the absence of natural and man-made disasters, the stability of the political situation, and the favorable epidemiological situation in the Krasnodar Territory. Respondents also believe that the region has an important factor for attracting consumers – it is the rich history of the region, the good condition of historical and cultural heritage sites, cultural monuments.
To expand the range of sanatorium and resort services, it is necessary to take into account the socio-cultural factors of consumers' choice of spa services.
SUICIDE AS ADOLESCENTS' RESPONSE TO SOCIO-CULTURAL DIGITAL SYSTEM PRESSURES
The article addresses the issue of the development of suicidal behavior trends among adolescents, arising from the pressure of the socio-cultural digital system. Suicide as a process of self-departure from life is examined in various aspects. One of the main reasons why suicide has become present in the digital space is the wide access to information and the existing possibility of anonymity. Social media and the internet provide people with a platform for communication and information exchange, expressing their thoughts, emotions, and experiences. At the same time, in some cases, they can also become a place to express pain and despair, including thoughts of suicide. The study identifies the main causes of suicide among adolescents, provides statistics on suicides in this age group, and discusses researchers' opinions on suicide prevention. An analysis of the Yandex search engine and the Vkontakte social network was conducted to determine the content related to "suicide" and to identify the potential level of influence of this content on the suicidal motivation of contemporary teenagers. Vkontakte groups related to the query "suicide" were analyzed, totaling 62 groups with a high level of activity. Yandex resources were classified by type: academic, advisory, statistical, popular. The author concludes that there are insufficient means in the modern media space to prevent suicidal behavior among teenagers. Yandex lacks proper scientific articles and advisory resources, while Vkontakte has provocative resources disseminating suicidal content.
PERSONAL RELIGIOSITY OF DAGESTANI YOUTH
This research is relevant due to the increased role of the Islamic religion in modern Dagestan society and the involvement of a significant segment of the population in religious processes. The aim of the research is to study the scope of religious affiliation in the public consciousness of Dagestan’s youth and their personal religiousness. The empirical material testifies to the demand for confessional affiliation in the public consciousness of the younger generation of Dagestanis. The analysis in the context of socio-demographic parameters shows an increase in the percentage indicator that highlights the need to indicate the importance of personal religious affiliation. Such an attitude in the public consciousness of the younger generation of Dagestanis is a natural result of the increasing role of Islam in modern Dagestani society, the active activity of Islamic institutions, the emergence of Muslim educational institutions that introduce the local population to religious knowledge. The criterion for measuring personal religiosity is the consistency of religious beliefs and real human behavior. Empirical research shows how important the respondents found adhering to Islamic postulates in everyday life, and this position is greatly influenced by the sermons of Muslim figures calling on the flock to strictly follow Muslim prescriptions. The analysis of the priority of secular and religious values shows that the importance of a religious value-symbolic system prevails with a significant preponderance in the public consciousness of young people by the argument of the presence of moral principles in the creed (mercy, compassion, decency, prevention of violence and evil against another person).
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