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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology” |
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#3 / 2024HistoryALHÀOV A.A.FOUNDATION AND FUNCTIONING OF THE COSSACK ROWING FLEET ON THE BLACK SEA COASTLINE (1837-1854)
Processes and events related to the foundation, functioning, and elimination of the Cossack Rowing Fleet on the Black Sea coastline are analyzed in this article. Considerations of the Emperor, commanders of the Separate Caucasian Corps and the Black Sea Fleet that helped founding those military units are closely reviewed as well. The attention is drawn to the military encounters of the Azov barges with the Circassian and Turkish vessels. The conclusion is made on the Azov Fleet being more substantial factor of the economical and political blockade of the Black Sea Coast of Caucasus than coastal fortifications and cruising squadrons of the Black Sea Fleet. The Azov Fleet had played a leading role in weakening and later halting the arrival of the Turkish contraband to Circassians. But in 1854, during the Crimean War, the most of coastal fortifications were eliminated and the Black Sea coastline – altered for defending the neighboring Black Sea cordon line from possible advance of the allied forces of Britain, France, and Turkey. In such conditions, the Azov Cossacks, who had only a few barges, were engaged in solving new military tasks.
UNIMPLEMENTED PROJECTS OF THE JOINT-STOCK COMPANY ARMAVIR-TUAPSE RAILWAY
The article is devoted to an interesting, but little-studied, page in the history of the Armavir-Tuapse Railway Joint-Stock Company, such as the design of new lines. They were to connect the commercial port being built in Tuapse with the vast territories of the Stavropol and Astrakhan provinces, as well as the lands of the Don Host and a number of settlements in the Kuban region, including the highland strip, by reliable rail lines. The importance of the new lines was confirmed by the conducted economic research, according to the calculations of which an increase in domestic trade turnover was predicted. Their construction also ensured a significant reduction in the mileage for agricultural goods exported through the Black Sea ports. The article examines and analyzes the main stages of obtaining concessions for the construction of the following lines by the Armavir-Tuapse Railway Company: Belorechenskaya-Tikhoretskaya-Grachi, Astrakhan-Divnoye-Torgovaya, Labinskaya-Otradnaya, Labinskaya-Psebay, Maikop-Dakhovskaya, Kurgannaya-Nekrasovskaya, Belorechenskaya-Yekaterinburg, Pshekhsky razyezd-Samurskaya with a branch from Apsheronskaya to the village of Neftyanaya. It should be emphasized that for a number of objective reasons, all of the above-mentioned branches were not built, and plans for their construction remained only on paper. The information about these projects has not been summarized or analyzed in the local history and research literature, which clearly demonstrates the relevance of this study.
THE INFLUENCE OF CROSS-BORDER CONFESSIONAL CONTACTS ON THE PROCESSES OF RELIGIOUS ACCULTURATION OF THE NORTHWESTERN CAUCASUS IN THE MIDDLE AGES
A comprehensive study of the evolution of religious beliefs of the multiethnic population of the Northwestern Caucasus during the Middle Ages is of undoubted research interest at the present stage. This region was at the center of constant military-economic, cultural and religious rivalry and the struggle of powerful neighboring states that used a variety of methods to expand their influence and dominance, which increases the relevance of studying these complex and contradictory processes.
The aim of the work is to analyze the influence of cross-border confessional contacts on the ethno-religious dynamics of the development of the main sub-ethnoses inhabiting the Northwestern Caucasus in the medieval period from the V to XVI centuries, which allows us to study the process of formation of their regional identity.
Within the framework of the study, a number of interrelated tasks were solved: a comprehensive analysis of the ethno-confessional mosaic of the Northwestern Caucasus in the Middle Ages was carried out; the dynamics of interfaith interaction in the region were studied; cultural and religious contacts with neighboring civilizations were investigated; the transformation of the ethnocultural landscape, which had a significant impact on the formation of the confessional structure of this region, was analyzed; long-term consequences of medieval ethno-confessional differentiation for the modern North Caucasus were identified.
Based on the conducted research, the authors concluded that the interaction and coexistence of various cultural and confessional traditions in the medieval context largely predetermined the specifics of interethnic and interreligious relations in the region, which was characterized by ethnic and religious heterogeneity.
ISRAEL IN IRAN'S FOREIGN POLICY (1979 – EARLY 21ST CENTURY)
The Arab-Israeli conflict, which arose in 1948, has been going on for more than three quarters of a century. Since 1993, after the beginning of direct contacts between representatives of Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, it seemed that the development of the conflict had entered the path of a political settlement. And there were certain reasons for this. In particular, the conclusion of a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel back in 1979, a similar agreement between Israel and Jordan was signed in 1994, Bahrain and the UAE also announced their intention to sign peace treaties with Israel in 2020, and Morocco announced the normalization of relations with Israel in the same year. However, among the actors of the Arab-Israeli conflict, there are many states that are tough opponents of Israel. One of these states is Iran. Based on this statement, it is obvious that the study of Iran's policy towards Israel from 1979 to the present is not only an important scientific, but also a political task. The purpose of the article is to identify the reasons for the change in Iran's policy towards Israel since 1979, its conceptual attitudes and specific content. When writing the article, the following scientific methods were used-problem-chronological, periodization, comparative-historical, historical-genetic, historical-retrospective, etc. Iran's relations with Israel began to be confrontational only since 1979, the year of the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. The confrontational potential in Iran's policy towards Israel is conceptual in nature and does not particularly depend on certain political forces that come to power in Iran.
ON THE ISSUE OF WOMEN'S CONGRESSES AS ONE OF THE FORMS OF INVOLVING ADYGHE WOMEN IN PUBLIC LIFE IN THE 1920-1930S IN THE CIRCASSIAN (ADYGHE) AUTONOMOUS REGION
The article examines such forms of involving Adyghe women in active public life as the organization of women's congresses, conferences and other women's gatherings among Adyghe women in the 1920s and 1930s, the associated difficulties and methods for overcoming them. V. I. Lenin, immediately after the Bolsheviks seized power, declared total changes in women's lives, and in particular this concerned women of the East, which included the female population of the Caucasian peoples. There were several areas of work among women: Sovietization, cultural and educational work, involvement in the economic life of the country. Obviously, without a radical change in the way of life, without participation in public life, it was impossible to involve women in building a "happy Soviet future", as Soviet slogans stated. One of the forms of involving women in public life was women's congresses and conferences. The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of the participation of Adyghe women in women's conferences and congresses, tracing the difficulties in their organization and holding, and considering their results. The result of the active involvement of Adyghe women in participation in women's congresses and conferences was the gradual involvement of women in public life, the discussion of "women's" problems and issues, the activities of famous Adyghe activists: G.I. Kuadzhe, M.Z. Azamatova, Sh.M. Bekukh and others.
ABULKHAIR KHAN'S DIPLOMACY: KAZAKH-OIRAT RELATIONS IN THE LATE XVII - EARLY XVIII CENTURIES
The article dedicated to the study of diplomatic activity of the Abulkhair and its value for the end of XVII - the beginning of XVIII century. In conditions of complex political environment, characterized by the internal fragmentation of the Kazakhstani tribes and external threats from the side of kochelem tribes, khan Abulkhair manifested itself as an outstanding diplomat and strategist. The work examines his efforts to build diplomatic relations with the Volga Kalmyks and the Dzungars, two key groups of Oirats who played an important role in Central Asian politics at the time. The author analyzes Abulkhair Khan's key diplomatic maneuvers, including negotiations, alliances, and agreements aimed at strengthening the Khanate's internal stability and securing its borders. Particular attention is paid to the volume as a diplomatic tools for the establishment of temporary sovereignty and conflict prevention, which contributed to the strengthening of the positions of the Cossacks in the region.
The article explores the impact of the khan's diplomatic efforts on the strategic position of the Kazakh khanate in the context of the struggle with the Dzungars and Volga Kalmyks, and analyzes their consequences for the khanate's domestic policy and regional security. The work draws on historical sources, chronicles and studies, and provides an in-depth analysis of the interaction of the Kazakhs with neighboring tribes and states.
THE NORTH CAUCASIAN COAST OF THE BLACK SEA IN THE ROMAN ERA
The article traces the history of the North Caucasian coast of the Black Sea from the II century BC to the III century AD, during which Rome was hegemon in the region. Over the past three millennia, many events have taken place on the shores of the Black Sea, in which various peoples took part. The sea continued to be a point of contact between inhabitants of the area and the rest of the world. Therefore, the article assumes that the integrated economy of the Roman world, which developed specialization and interdependence among different regions located at great distances from each other, created a system adapted for the Mediterranean and extending to the North Caucasian coast of the Black Sea. The author concludes that the population of the region was actively involved in the economic system of the Roman world, up to the III century AD, when Rome, as a result of an internal socio-economic and political crisis, lost control over the region and left it behind. In the era of the Great Migration of Peoples, the Black Sea region became a target for Gothic expansion. Upon reaching the Black Sea coast, the Goths quickly recognized the advantages of traveling by sea and began to use the fleet and coastal infrastructure for further expansion.
SociologyBARSUKOVA T.I., LUSHNIKOV D.A.THE PRIORITY OF YOUTH AS AN OBJECT OF NEGATIVE INFORMATIONAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT: DETERMINANTS AND STRATEGY
In an industrial information and communication society, for the first time in the history of mankind, the possibility of an external direct negative information and psychological impact on the younger generation appears. As a result of the information revolution and the developed communicative capabilities of modernity, a mechanism of socio-cultural and value-communicative intergenerational gap appears in industrial society, poorly expressed in pre-industrial societies. This mechanism and this opportunity really appear for the first time in the history of human civilization and they can lead by themselves, without targeted managerial influences and the intent of external malicious social actors, certain negative processes in modern society. The systemic strategy of negative information and psychological impact on the younger generation involves two main stages: 1) disintegration of the worldview, change of identity, delegitimization of the social structure and image of the social order, separation from the stabilizing psyche and socializing institutional environment. To do this, it is necessary first to detach the individual from his social environment, atomize, marginalize consciousness and thinking and prepare for value-normative transit; 2) integration into a new social environment and discourse, replacement of worldview and identity with ready-made models of group identification, inversion of ingroup into outgroup and change of reference group. Information isolation from the dominant culture, the pupation of new communities in the "echo chamber"/"information bubble", complementary to the identity and group values of the new ingroup.
APPROBATION OF THE SCALE FOR ASSESSING THE COMFORT OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR WOMEN: ON THE EXAMPLE OF A DISTRICT IN ROSTOV-ON-DON
The differences between men and women in their use of urban infrastructure (public transport, sidewalks, ramps, shops, pharmacies, etc.) are influenced by the functional responsibilities imposed by contemporary society. In most cases, women are primarily responsible for the care of children and elderly relatives, often balancing these duties with their work. This results in a traditional route in the city for women that differs from that of men. The aim of this study is to describe and classify the requirements that women have for urban infrastructure and to evaluate one of the microdistricts in Rostov-on-Don using the developed scale. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set and solved: a classification of women's requirements for urban infrastructure was conducted based on observational methods and content analysis; a system for evaluating districts/cities was proposed based on this classification; and this system was subsequently tested in one of the microdistricts of Rostov-on-Don. The results of the evaluation determined the comfort level of the studied microdistrict for women of various ages. We believe that the proposed evaluation can be used within the framework of sociological analysis of urban spaces to further enhance the comfort of Russian cities.
CRIMINALIZATION OF YOUTH CULTURE IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY
The article is devoted to the analysis of some aspects of the criminalization process of youth culture in modern society. The article describes the history of the emergence of the AUE criminal movement, its recognition as an extremist organization and the prohibition of its activities in Russia.
The author conducted a brief monitoring of the banned social network Instagram in Russia, the social network VKontakte and the social network TikTok, to find out if they were being used for the promotion of criminal subcultures. The characteristic information content of criminal subculture communities is described. The texts of musical works popular among criminalized youth are analyzed, as well as their influence as tools of propaganda of the criminal subculture. Based on the analysis of Internet resources devoted to the criminal subculture, a typology of their users is built, reflecting the degree of "immersion" in the criminal subculture and the practice of committing offenses.
The obtained research results may be useful in the work of the delinquency prevention systems.
The study was carried out with the support of the RCNI grant (formerly RFBR and the RA Academy of Sciences) No. 20-511-05017 “The Armenian Diaspora in the system of interethnic relations in a multiethnic region (on the example of the Krasnodar Region)”.
EVERYDAY CONSUMER LEISURE PRACTICES OF MODERN YOUTH: SOCIOCULTURAL ANALYSIS
The relevance of the study of leisure practices of young people is due to the fact that the sphere of leisure as a factor of socialization actively influences the mentality of the younger generation through the formation of value orientations. Therefore, the study of those types of leisure practices of young people that shape the consumer’s worldview as a tribute to the values of the consumer society seems important in the context of modern trends in Russian society aimed at restoring lost traditional values. The author notes the contradiction between the need to preserve and strengthen the traditional values of Russian society, determined by its identity, and the clearly expressed escalation of the values of the consumer society, reflected in consumer socialization and consumer behavior of young people. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the possibility of applying sociocultural analysis to the study of everyday consumer leisure practices of young people, presented through their value and semantic content. The objectives of the study are to prove that the everyday consumer practices of young people belong to the realm of everyday life and to substantiate the specificity of their temporal and spatial characteristics in this context. The author divides the consumer leisure practices of young people into two types: everyday consumer and cultural consumer and devotes research to the first type of practice. As a result of the analysis, conclusions are drawn about the predominance of values among the value bases of everyday consumer leisure practices of young people, such as a sense of freedom from institutionalized norms, hedonistic needs, the informal nature of relationships and their diversity, strong emotions and others. The values of everyday consumer leisure practices are illustrated by the example of street racing, home parties and spontaneous forms of shopping.
SOCIAL CAPITAL AS A BASIS FOR FORMING THE IMAGE OF THE POLICE (THEORETICAL ANALYSIS)
This article considers various theoretical approaches to the study of social capital and its ability to serve as a theoretical foundation for the formation of an image of internal affairs bodies. The article substantiates the importance of the formation (accumulation) of the social capital of internal affairs bodies as a system of intangible values, including elements such as trust, value orientations, norms, social networks, and communication channels, etc., involving the development of a socially-oriented management model and corresponding principles of functioning of internal affairs bodies, the formation of innovative human capital, and the modernization of behavioral patterns, which involves the search for and activation of innovative impulses for the development of the system.
The ambiguity of the term "social capital" opens up the possibility for its consideration by representatives from various scientific fields, thereby expanding the number of approaches and methods for its research. However, the degree of heuristic value of these approaches varies, depending on the practical needs of an organization such as internal affairs agencies. Therefore, a special emphasis is placed on the activity-based approaches, the methodology of which, according to the authors of the article, most fully and adequately allows researchers to study the social capital of an organization as a complex set of properties and social functions.
The fact of the inability of the service staff to perform their professional tasks under the condition of a shortage of social capital is summarized.
FORMATION OF PATRIOTIC VALUES IN THE YOUTH ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN RUSSIA: THE INFLUENCE OF NATIONAL IDEOLOGY ON SOCIO-CULTURAL PROCESSES.
In the modern conditions of Russia's development, the entire civil society faces unprecedented political and ideological influence from outside, as well as the imposition of values that emerged in the process of globalization. In this respect, one of the main objectives of the national policy of our country is to intensify efforts aimed at reviving traditional, historically established moral foundations, ethical guidelines and patriotic self-awareness.
The author emphasizes the relevance of using national ideology as an effective tool for consolidating modern Russian society, and points out that the development of a strategic national idea is a primary task facing the state. The concept of ideology is seen in the article as the coordinate system that forms models of social relations and has a significant impact on the formation of political, national, and ethnic identities.
The author pays special attention to the importance of patriotism ideas in modern humanitarian thinking, especially in terms of developing socialization mechanisms among young people. However, the author emphasizes not only the systematic nature of the issue, but also the need for an integrated approach to its solution. The paper analyses such factors as lack of unified policy, heterogeneity of youth organizations and lack of ideological oversight. It proposes detailed steps to overcome these challenges: creation of coordinating bodies, definition of state policies and tightening of personnel management. The author stresses that the measures proposed are not only intended to solve specific problems, but also to strengthen public confidence in education ideas and organizations, calling for a more effective formation of patriotism among younger generations. In general, the article makes a significant contribution to understanding and solving modern problems of youth education within the context of the formation national ideology.
CONFIDENCE OF STUDENTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEA IN THE “DIGITAL RUBLE” PROJECT
The article presents the results of the student research team’s project “Citizens’ trust in digital financial products (using the example of the Digital Ruble project”). The topic of this project relates to one of the priorities of the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation. Science plays an important role in the country’s economy, namely in improving the quality of work of social institutions and is obliged to provide forecasts for the movement of certain economic products. Public trust directly affects the success of the implementation of such projects and their further use. It is necessary to monitor the trend of public confidence in digital technologies as this indicator has an impact on the economy as a whole. The problem lies in the lack of information about the relationship between the level of trust, level of awareness and level of interest in digital financial products among students. The dependencies between the level of citizens’ trust in digital financial products, the level of awareness and the level of interest are determined, taking into account the characteristics of the social group, on the basis of which ways to influence the level of this trust are determined. Based on current approaches of social sciences, indicators for the formation of youth trust in various economic projects are determined, data is collected using questionnaires and in-depth interviews, then the scientific research hypothesis is tested using system analysis and a number of recommendations are developed to increase the level of trust of the population of the Republic of Adygea in the “Digital” project. ruble" and other economic projects. Summarizing the results of the research, it was possible to determine the relationship between the indicated indicators and propose ways and measures to influence the level of trust in digital financial products.
ANNIVERSARY DATESKOZIN S.V., ZHIDYAEVA T.P., KHAZOV A.Yu.THE JOURNAL “SOCIOLOGICAL RESEARCH” IS 50 YEARS OLD: THE TIME OF CREATION AND CONQUEST OF NEW HORIZONS
The authors timed this article to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the leading Soviet and Russian journal of “Sociological Studies” (“SocIs”), founded back in 1974. Further, the authors identify and consider the main historical milestones in the history of the magazine. In addition to conducting a historical retrospective, the article presents some key bibliometric indicators of the journal in the leading foreign and domestic scientific citation databases Scopus, WoS, RSCI. Various positions of domestic scientists studying this journal are revealed, as well as the opinion of colleagues, authors and a large readership about this journal. He will emphasize that despite the emergence of all kinds of various collisions, crises, reforms and vicissitudes both in society and in science and education, SocIs magazine has always remained devoted to it and followed the highest scientific and publishing standards, which it tries not to change even in our turbulent times. In addition, the article reflects the role of recent webinars on various aspects of the journal aimed at increasing the number of authors and improving the quality of scientific articles sent to the relevant sections of the journal “SocIsa”. We add that such events are a productive platform between the founders of the journal, which are the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, its editorial board and authors to resolve (discuss) urgent issues, as well as jointly develop and implement innovative effective ideas to improve certain aspects of this journal.
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