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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology” |
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#4 / 2024HistoryBEGEULOV R.M., TEKEEV S.O.THE INITIAL PERIOD OF GEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE UPPER KUBAN REGION (XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY)
The article highlights the initial stage of scientific development of the Upper Kuban region (the territory of modern Karachay-Cherkessia), which began in the middle of the XIX century. It was associated with the names of Russian researchers from among mining engineers (employees of government bodies in the field of mining) and geologists belonging to the central academic institutions of the Russian Empire. The study indicates that most of the geological expeditions of the time under consideration were initiated and funded by the state, and the bulk of the work was carried out by mining engineers. There is a shortage of geologists in the Kuban and in the North Caucasus as a whole, and the absence of professional educational institutions for their training here. The article draws attention to the fact that before the revolution, the state (in particular, the Caucasian authorities) had no planning of geological research on a systematic basis, and the region was outside the framework of real scientific policy. Due to problems with logistics, the Upper Kuban region remained outside major industrial projects in pre-revolutionary times. In general, the geological development of the mountainous region was in its infancy during this period.
THE ROLE OF THE CHINESE DIASPORA IN THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA (LATE 70S XX - EARLY 21ST CENTURIES)
The struggle for economic leadership in the world has been going on since the creation of statehood. And this is quite understandable, since only on the basis of economic success can one claim to be the leading political position in the world and set the main directions for its development, form a kind of agenda. These, in general, banal truths are well understood by the leaders of the third world countries, and especially large states in terms of population and territory, which historically and civilizationally cannot be satisfied with being on the sidelines in the world community. One of these states is China, which has embarked on the path of building a market economy since the late 1970s. In order to achieve ambitious goals, the Chinese leadership needed to use all the resources available to it. And one of these resources was representatives of the Chinese diaspora, who settled at different times on the territory of almost the entire globe. Emigrants are representatives of any nation, they are, as a rule, risky people with a whole character, who, leaving their country, regardless of the reasons, understand that they can only rely on themselves. The above-mentioned character traits are fully applicable to Chinese immigrants. Moreover, representatives of the Chinese diaspora, who left their country mainly for economic reasons, had entrepreneurial spirit, perseverance, and hard work. Based on the above, it is quite obvious that the study of the role of Chinese emigrants in the modernization of China in the late 1970s- early 21st century has not only academic, but also socio-political interest. The purpose of the article is to analyze the content of the Chinese leadership's policy towards the Chinese diaspora; the types and forms of foreign Chinese assistance to their ethnic homeland and the content of the stages of economic activity of the Chinese diaspora in China. The following methods were used when writing the article: problematic-chronological, comparative-historical, periodization method, historical-retrospective, narrative, etc.
THE INTENSIFICATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS IN KARACHAY-CHERKESSIA IN THE LATE 1980S - EARLY 1990S: CAUSES AND RESULTS
The article examines issues related to the processes of religious revival and activation of religious Islamic organizations in Karachay-Cherkessia in the second half of the 1980s - early 1990s. It is noted that during this period, Muslim religious communities not only grew numerically, but also gained the opportunity to build a dialogue with the authorities, receive support from them in issues related to the acquisition of premises, the construction of mosques, the opening of educational institutions, etc. At the same time, there was a split among believers, religious organizations were created that were alternative to the official Spiritual administration of Muslims, whose activities led to the politicization of Muslim communities and the spread of radical ideology. The article analyzes the activities of the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Karachay-Cherkessia and Stavropol Territory, which, in the current situation, in cooperation with the authorities of the republic, was able to maintain leadership positions and influence on the majority of believers in the region under consideration, thereby preventing the development of many negative trends in the religious and political sphere.
DEVELOPMENT OF PENSION PROVISION FOR SOVIET CITIZENS IN THE MID-1950S – MID-1980S. (BASED ON MATERIALS FROM THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY)
The relevance of the problem considered in the article is related to the important role of pension provision of the population in modern Russia. In this regard, it is of great importance to refer to the historical experience of the functioning of the Soviet pension system, which can contribute to the improvement of measures implemented by the state in this field of activity. The object of the study is the Soviet pension system. The subject of the study was the development of pension provision for Soviet citizens in the period of the mid-1950s – mid-1980s. The purpose of the study is to analyze the measures applied by the Soviet state in the field of pension provision of the population and their implementation on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory during the period under review. The objectives of the study include: consideration of the evolution of pension legislation in the period of the mid-1950s – mid-1980s; coverage of the activities of the social security authorities of the Krasnodar Territory on the appointment and payment of pensions; reflection of the impact of pension provision on the financial situation of various categories of pensioners. As a result of the study, an analysis of the development of pension provision for Soviet citizens in the period of the mid-1950s – mid-1980s was carried out, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn about the guarantees that existed in the USSR for receiving an old-age pension in cases of disability or loss of a breadwinner, as well as about the important role of pension provision in solving the material problems of the population.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY IN KARACHAY AND CHERKESSIA IN THE 1930S.
The article highlights the final stage of the formation of the communication system on the territory of Karachay and Cherkessia during the pre-war period. It gives an idea of the main directions of the industry's development, problems and achievements. The reasons for the growing demand for communication channels during this period, especially telephone and radio communications, are outlined. The article draws attention to the fact that the population of the region took an active part in creating the infrastructure of the communication system. Shortcomings in the work of communication enterprises are also noted, their causes and methods of overcoming them are revealed. In conclusion, it is concluded that by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, despite the existing shortcomings, the communications industry of Karachay and Cherkessia was at a level that allowed it to meet the basic needs of the population, authorities and organizations for communication.
THE RUSSIAN POPULATION OF DAGESTAN AS A VARIANT OF THE CULTURAL HYBRIDITY OF THE NORTH CAUCASIAN HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL COMMUNITY: FEATURES OF THE NATIONAL REGION
Today, there is not only not weakening an interest in the study of the Russian ethnic group in our republic, but there are studies carried out at an interdisciplinary level. The reason for this is primarily the formation of the latter in a specific Caucasian environment, which had characteristic features different from those Russians who lived and live in central Russia. The remoteness of the region from the center had a certain impact on the worldview and mentality of the Russian population here. As a result of everyday cross-cultural contact in a foreign national, foreign cultural and non-confessional environment, a new type of Russian "Dagestani" person has emerged in historical understanding. In this regard, this article attempts to consider the Russian population of Dagestan through the prism of cultural hybridity in the context of intercultural communication. The authors consider the phenomenon of cultural hybridity on the example of marriage unions of Russians with representatives of other nationalities of Dagestan. Based on the solid theoretical research potential in this field, the method of included observation of the authors, as well as interview materials with representatives of this group of different ages, is used as an empirical aid in the study. The respondents were mainly residents of Dagestan cities, where the Russian population has historically been concentrated.
SociologyDEMONOVA Ya.O., MYAKISHEVA N.S.SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE SAFETY OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT OF AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the data obtained as a result of a survey aimed at determining indicators of aggression, anxiety, depression and addictive tendencies among students of an educational institution. Special attention is paid to the description of the methods used in the survey, which allows for a deeper understanding of the approaches and tools used to collect information. In addition, the paper presents the results of comparative analyses carried out during the two academic years, which clearly demonstrate changes in the psycho-emotional state of students over time. These data may be useful for identifying trends in the development of aggressive behavior and mental disorders among young people, which in turn will allow educational institutions to develop and implement effective support and prevention programs. The importance of this research also lies in its practical significance, as the results can later be used to form more adapted psychological support programs for students. Assessing the level of aggression and other psychological factors will help educators and psychologists better understand the problems faced by young people and respond to them in a timely manner. In addition, the data obtained can become the basis for further scientific research in the field of educational psychology. This helps to create a more stable and comfortable learning environment that promotes the harmonious development of the student's personality.
THE POSITIVE IMAGE OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE RUSSIAN SPACE: TRADITIONAL AND INNOVATIVE FORMATIVE PRACTICES
There is a significant shift in the development of the regions of the North Caucasus. The rapid growth of the tourist flow, an active branding policy, and increased security as a result of measures to combat terrorism and extremism are factors that influence the perception of the North Caucasus in the public consciousness. The article examines various traditional and innovative practices that contribute to the formation of a positive image of the macroregion in the Russian space. One of the important tools is a positive macroregional identity, which is a mosaic structure, as it consists of positive "we-images" of various regions that arise as a result of certain practices of interregional interaction and cooperation. The research of practices was carried out using a qualitative approach, which allowed them to be differentiated from the point of view of tradition and innovation, to identify the main types of practices, their scale and potential. The empirical base consists of practices that are reflected in various media resources and official documents. The analysis was also based on data from an expert survey of representatives of the academic community and practitioners conducted by semi-structured interviews in October-November 2024 (N=17). As a result of the research, a classification of practices is proposed, and their potential is revealed. The formation of a positive macro-regional identity in the North Caucasus is considered as one of the stages in strengthening the Russian national identity.
ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF YOUTH'S VALUE ORIENTATIONS IN THE INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT
The relevance of addressing the theme of the adaptive potential of youth's value orientations is connected to the increasing presence of the informational component in the sociocultural sphere of society. This factor begins to exert a decisive influence on the formation of the value system and meanings of the younger generation. At the same time, the attitudes and orientations formed in the early stages of the socialization process appear to be resilient components of personality. New communication opportunities expand the sphere of interaction, introducing individuals to unfamiliar sociocultural standards that often contradict existing ones. Adaptation to the external environment shapes each generation's own unique characteristics in terms of personality, value meanings, and worldview. Thus, the scientific discourse includes the problem related to defining the mechanisms, pace, and direction of the adaptation of youth's value orientations in the informational environment. The solution to this task appears to be based on a sociocultural approach, which most fully reveals the essence of adaptation as a sociocultural phenomenon. It is also appropriate to include elements of social-psychological research in the methodological toolkit, primarily related to the evaluation of the existing value system. The adaptation of youth's social and value orientations is seen as an element of the socio-psychological resilience of personality and represents an integral characteristic.
EXPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF «BRAND»: A SOCIO-CULTURAL APPROACH
The article is devoted to the explication of the concept of "brand" through the prism of an interdisciplinary approach, which allows us to reveal its multidimensionality and significance in modern society. The paper traces the evolution of the term: from its historical roots and adaptation in the Russian context to key interpretations in marketing, tourism and political science. The author consistently analyzes the interpretations of the concept in the social sciences and humanities - marketing, political science, philosophy, history and psychology, emphasizing the need for an interdisciplinary approach to analysis. The main focus is on the sociological approach, in which the brand is explored as a dynamic socio-cultural phenomenon shaped by collective practices, values and symbols. It is proved that the brand is not reduced to a tool of market communication, but acts as a mechanism for constructing social relations and cultural codes. In conclusion, the author suggests the author's definition of the brand, integrating its economic, political and socio-cultural aspects.
HYPERTEXT AS A NEW INSTRUMENT OF SOCIAL COMMUNICATION
The social measures of modernity represent an informational civilization, in which there is a constant increase in information flows on one hand, and the development of technical means that ensure the creation, dissemination, and interpretation of social knowledge on the other. In the process of social communication, constant transformations and complications of the tools for its adequate functioning occur. The phenomenon of hypertext deserves special attention as a phenomenon that is most adequately responsive to the challenges of modern social reality. The article demonstrates the transformation of traditional, linear text into hypertextual, non-linear format as the one most corresponding to the mental processes of communicators. These characteristics of the triad – meaning, computer, software, serve as the basis for hypertext. Various definitions of hypertext are provided, reflecting its multifaceted nature and significance for social communication processes. The history of approaches to the creation of hypertexts is presented, highlighting the expansion of computer capabilities from personal use to the creation of a unified global computer space. Special attention is paid to the social potential of hypertext as a tool for democratization, overcoming socio-cultural inequality, providing all users access to information (education, social lift), which ultimately serves to improve the quality of life for people.
FORMATION OF A BARRIER-FREE ENVIRONMENT FOR ACCESSIBLE TOURISM IN THE CONDITIONS OF INDUSTRY 4.0 AS A MEANS OF PROMOTING DOMESTIC TOURISM
Tourism is the most important component of life of the majority of the world's population. One of the factors determining the promotion of domestic tourism and improving the quality of tourism services is digital technology, which has firmly entered all socio-economic spheres. It is necessary to realize that digital service, as a dominant component of the era of Industry 4.0, can contribute to the growth of the tourism industry by increasing tourist flows, including tourists of a certain social group - people with disabilities and people with disabilities. Digital service acts as a powerful facilitator of meeting the expectations and needs of a special category of consumers in the context of the realization of human rights to recreation, expanding the horizons of the use of barrier-free environment.
The article considers an important scientific problem - what are the features of barrier-free environment formation in the conditions of Industry 4.0 as a means of promoting domestic tourism, including its accessibility? The final results demonstrate different approaches to the concept of “accessible tourism” in modern scientific discourse, the dependence of the formation of a barrier-free environment for travel on the development of digital products. The authors identify the elements of barrier-free environment in the tourism sector in the digital era, cite the best global and responsible practices of using digital technologies in the aspect of development of accessible tourism. It is concluded that the development of accessible tourism represents a socially significant task of states to create a safe environment included in the global tourism space.
ACADEMIC GIFTEDNESS: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
In the article, the author conducts a theoretical analysis of the social phenomenon of academic giftedness from the standpoint of philosophical science, pedagogy, psychology and sociology. From the theoretical analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that scientists have not yet come to a consensus on which factor has a decisive importance in the formation and development of academic giftedness. And also notes that the social phenomenon of giftedness remains relevant not only in the scientific community, but also for the development of society. The development of society is impossible without the development of the intellectual potential of the country, since it is a determining factor in the development of all spheres of life of the state. Therefore, it is necessary to create conditions for identifying academically gifted children in the learning process and creating conditions for preserving their giftedness.
Today, the state is interested in the formation and development of academic giftedness in children. For a long time, the Government of the Russian Federation has been developing programs for the development of education on an ongoing basis, in which one of the goals is the identification and development of talented children. Parents also try to raise a child who would have a high level of academic performance in educational institutions, self-control, self-discipline, motivation to acquire new knowledge, diligence in mastering academic subjects, exactingness to their own academic achievements, etc.
In the empirical part of the article, the author conducts structured interviews with: a parent of a gifted child; a doctor of philosophical sciences, a professor; a primary school teacher. The study of academic giftedness was conducted in different educational contexts: school and university, and was also studied in the family.
Based on the results of the study, the author comes to the conclusion: the family and educational institutions should work together in the development of children; to form academic giftedness, it is necessary to create favorable social and emotional conditions; the development of academic giftedness is possible only if there are teachers who have certain training and experience working with these children.
THE COGNITIVE COMPONENT OF SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING OF PROFESSIONAL GROUPS IN RUSSIAN SOCIETY
In many countries, in addition to economic criteria for the quality of life of the population, a comprehensive indicator of subjective well-being (SWB) of citizens is actively used. This indicator is formed from the population's own assessments of various aspects of their lives and includes cognitive and emotional components. The article reveals the differences in the cognitive measurement of subjective well-being of socio-professional groups of the population of modern Russia. The empirical basis for the analysis is the results of a large-scale sociological monitoring carried out by the Russian Monitoring of the Economic Situation and Health of the Population of the National Research University Higher School of Economics in 2022. It is shown that the level of subjective well-being is higher among representatives of the military-industrial and oil and gas sectors, as well as financial and law enforcement agencies. The lowest SWB indicators are among workers in trade, consumer services and the housing and communal services sector. It has been established that the SWB of professional groups is influenced not only by the level of wages, but this factor plays an important role in workers' assessment of their satisfaction with life and profession.
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