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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology” |
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#3 / 2023HistoryIvashchenko A.S.EVOLUTION OF CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY CONCEPTS (1949 – THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY)
China is the largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power parity of GDP, the second most populous state on the globe and the fourth largest country among the members of the world community. These parameters alone are sufficient enough to let even a simple layperson realize the role of the PRC in the world community. In fact, China currently ranks second in the world after the United States in terms of its economic, political, and military potential, without any reservations. It begs the question: what transformations happened to the former poorest semi-colony in the world during the period from 1945 to the beginning of the XXI century and why? The answer to this question lies not only in the study of China's socio-economic and domestic political development in the second half of the XX - early XXI centuries, but also in the examination of the country's foreign policy strategy, the optimization of which has become an integral part of its economic success. The purpose of the article is to identify the evolution of foreign policy.
ROLE OF FRANCE IN THE SETTLEMENT OF THE LIBYAN CONFLICT
It is not a secret to anyone that December 2010 marked the beginning of the series of anti-government armed uprisings in many countries of North Africa and the Middle East, generally known as the "Arab Spring". Despite the fact that 12 years have passed since the protests and riots took place, such states as Syria, Yemen, Iraq, Sudan, have not been able to normalize the political situation and transition to restoration of economic, social and humanitarian spheres, and Libya in this case is no exception. The region has been and remains one of the hotspots where against the backdrop of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, Arab-Israeli contradictions, terrorist activities in the Sahel-Saharan region, and escalation in Syria, a new outbreak of violence may occur. At present, the chaotic situation in Libya has claimed the lives of many civilians, and the damage in several major cities is such that it will take decades for the country to restore economic stability, and Paris bears a significant responsibility for the civil war in Libya.The purpose of this study is to analyze the dynamics of the Libyan crisis as well as consider the role of France in the process of its settlement.
CHARACTERISTICS AND RESULTS OF TRADE DEVELOPMENT IN KUBAN IN 1924-1927
The relevance of the problem under consideration is determined by the important role of trade in modern Russia, which is one of the main factors of socio-economic development of the country. In shaping an effective trade policy for the Russian state, the use of historical experience in organizing trade activities in previous periods is of great importance. Of particular interest is the period of the 1920s, during which the implementation of a new economic policy took place. During this time, state, cooperative, and private enterprises were involved in trade. Their interaction and the regulatory role of the state in organizing trade activities can be useful in improving the trade policy of modern Russia. The object of the study is trade activities under the conditions of the New Economic Policy (NEP). The aim of the research is to analyze the trading activities in Kuban during the period under consideration. The research tasks include identifying the conditions for the development of trade in 1924-1927, analyzing the trade policy of the Bolshevik Party and the Soviet state during the climax of the New Economic Policy (NEP), and highlighting the main directions and results of trade activities in Kuban during this period. As a result of the research, a detailed analysis of the trading activities in Kuban in 1924-1927 was carried out, based on which conclusions were drawn reflecting the nature and results of trade development in Kuban during the period under consideration.
THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE RELATIONSHIP WITH RUSSIA, TURKEY AND IRAN FROM THE END OF THE XVII CENTURY TO THE FIRST THIRD OF THE XVIII CENTURY
The period from the end of the XVII century to the first third of the XVIII century is a turning point in the historical development of the North Caucasus. The Caucasus region was caught in a series of continuous wars, the frequency and scale of which exceeded all previous epochs. The North Caucasus found itself in the triangle of major players on the international stage. A weakened Iran and a crumbling Ottoman Empire sought to solve their foreign policy and domestic problems by acquiring Caucasian territories. The Russian Empire expanded its borders. The rival powers made the Caucasus lands the field of their confrontation. The population of the region involuntarily got involved in a political game imposed from outside. The Caucasian peoples, not always fully aware of all the nuances of the great game, were forced to make decisions and bear all the burdens of their "choice" in difficult conditions. In modern times, the Caucasian region remains a geopolitical outpost that witnesses numerous battles. The problem is relevant because its study allows us to explain the reasons why interest in the region has not weakened even today. The aim of the article is to study the policies of Russia, Turkey, and Iran in the context of the local political realities of the North Caucasus during the analyzed period.
SociologyGRIGORYEV A.V., ROGOV A.V.SOCIAL IDENTITY OF THE BORDER TERRITORIES OF WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN POPULATION: MODERN TRENDS AND SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC SPECIFICS
The article aims to study modern trends and determine socio-demographic specifics of the components of the social identity of the population in the border regions of Western Kazakhstan (Atyrau and Mangystau). The relevance of this topic is determined by the dynamism and mobility of certain components of social identity, primarily in terms of foreign policy orientations. The Caspian territory is an object of geopolitical interest for many international actors, not all of whom are currently pursuing a friendly policy towards the Russian Federation. In this regard, self-perception of the local population is an important point in predicting the further development of social processes near the borders of Russia, as well as a necessary basis for developing Russian foreign policy in this region.
Social identity was investigated using both quantitative (online survey) and qualitative (focused group interviews) research methods. In the mass survey, the object of research was the population of the Atyrau and Mangistau regions. The respondents were selected using a quota sampling method, ensuring that the sample was representative in terms of gender and age. Additionally, the number of respondents was determined based on the population size of the respective locations. Focused group interviews were conducted among young students aged 18 to 23, who were citizens of Kazakhstan residing in the Atyrau and Mangystau regions prior to their education in Russia.
The results of the study indicate the prevalence of a civic component in the structure of identity. The population of the border regions of Western Kazakhstan takes pride in their civic and ethnic identity, displaying a considerable level of patriotism and conservatism, while remaining apolitical. Instrumental usage of the Russian language remains as a trend and it’s still widespread in various spheres of everyday life. The socio-demographic differences that have been identified raise concerns for our country. The youth and residents of small towns demonstrate less favorable attitudes towards Russia in terms of foreign policy orientation and are more supportive of the transition of the Kazakh language to Latin script. This necessitates further monitoring of the social identity of the population of these territories, where the use of big data analysis methods and other contemporary methods may be promising.
FAMILY VALUES IN THE PERCEPTION OF THE YOUTH OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGHEA: BASED ON THE RESULTS OF A SOCIOLOGICAL SURVEY
The demographic situation in our country causes serious concern: for several decades there has been a natural population decline, compensated only by migration growth. The institution of the family is undergoing a transformation, the result of which is the instability of marriages (a large number of divorces) and a drop in the birth rate. In these conditions, the study of marriage and family attitudes of young people and ideas about the family is extremely relevant. The article presents the results of an empirical study - a survey conducted in January-April 2023 in the Republic of Adyghea, devoted to studying attitudes towards family life, family values, and reproductive attitudes of young people, many of whom have yet to start a family. The respondents were students studying at universities and colleges of the republic. The questionnaire prepared by the authors of the article included questions on various topics: reproductive attitudes, relationships within the family and with relatives, leading family values. The results of the survey showed a responsible attitude of respondents towards family life, as well as a partial change and erosion of traditional ideas about the family and the responsibilities of family members.
THE PHENOMENON OF THE COMMUNICATIVE PERSONALITY IN THE FIELD OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
The post-industrial information reality has emphasized the central role of communication in the life of a society. The communicative individual, as the development of the linguistic individual, functions both as an object and as a subject of the information-communicative paradigm.
Under these conditions, the linguistic competence of the individual (phonetics, vocabulary, morphology, syntax and genre-stylistic aspect) is supplemented by the knowledge of cultural codes, moral and holistic norms and non-verbal tools, generating the formation of a communicative personality. The multidimensionality of this phenomenon is actualized in the axiological, epistemological and behavioral perspectives, which function in different ways in the sociocultural fields of communications.
The transactional model of the commutative personality is a combination of two subsystems, where the internal part is reflected through language connections, and the external one represents the behavioral aspect. The process of sociocultural communication, according to this model, occurs when the goals and motives of the communicants, their ability to establish and maintain communication, their knowledge and experience, as well as the availability of communicative personalities, skills and abilities to maintain and develop interaction, are realized.
Globalization, digitalization, the Internet and other technologies have brought intercultural interaction of individuals to a global scale. In order to function successfully in these conditions, the communicative personality must acquire not only linguistic and communicative competencies but also intercultural competence - knowledge of foreign cultures, their specificities, and languages. Intercultural communication takes place within the framework of the "own" - "foreign" opposition, in accordance with the confrontation between the "self" and the "Others" in the context of dialogic relationships. The success of intercultural interaction contributes to the development of communicants (communicative personalities), provides access to social elevators and improves the quality of life.
ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF SOCIO-CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUICIDAL RISKS OF RUSSIAN YOUTH
For a number of reasons, the Russian Federation finds itself in a difficult demographic situation, with mortality rates significantly exceeding birth rates, and one of the reasons for this is the high level of suicidal activity among the population. It is characteristic of modern Russian society that it does not favor the personal development of young people, but instead generates various threats and risks. Sociocultural factors that determine suicidal risks are constantly changing due to the inherent tectonic mobility of the socio-cultural environment. Among the main risks that influence the suicidal activity of young people, the following have been identified: religious factors, factors of social stratification, socio-economic factors, factors of individualization (atomization) of society, and factors of networking and digitalization of the information space.
Religious factors can influence the suicidal activity of young people, as certain religious beliefs or doctrines can pressure young people and create a sense of hopelessness or guilt, which can contribute to the development of suicidal thoughts. The factors of social stratification also play a role in the suicidal activity of young people. Inequality, discrimination, and the lack of opportunities for social advancement can cause a sense of helplessness and despair among young people, which can lead to suicidal thoughts.
Social and economic factors, such as unemployment, low income, or family instability, can create stressful conditions for young people, which may increase the risk of developing suicidal tendencies.
The factors of networking and digitalization of the information space can also increase the risk of suicidal behavior among young people. Social networks and the Internet provide limitless opportunities for communication and obtaining information, but they can also become a source of negative influence.
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