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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology” |
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#2 / 2023HistoryKorotko T.V.TRAINING OF NON-COMMERCIAL GENERAL, SPECIAL AND HIGHER EDUCATION IN TURKEY IN THE XX CENTURY.
The article raises issues related to the training of general education, special and higher schools in Turkey, management reforms, education and the creation of a secular society in the Republic of Turkey. Also, the work reflects the systemic contradiction of professional education in Turkey, which implies divergence of the key value bases: the desire for European values and the need to preserve and maintain Islamic traditions. The article provides a historical analysis of the development of general and vocational education, characterizes the reform of K. Ataturk in education and concludes that the system of vocational education in Turkey in the XX century was unstable and inconsistent. The uniqueness and originality of professional education in Turkey lies in the rich historical experience and a clear religious influence on the formation of education in this country. The state, which is territorially located in Europe and only a few years ago claimed to join the European Union, was the center of the Ottoman Empire and a model of Eastern culture, and it was this duality and cross-culturality that gave rise to a special form of Turkish professional education.
WORK OF THE REGIONAL BRANCHES OF OSOAVIAKHIM FOR MILITARY SPORTS TRAINING OF THE YOUTH OF KARACHAY AND CHERKESSIA IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1930s
The article discusses the contribution of the branches of the Soviet defense organization Osoaviakhim of Karachay and Cherkessia to the military and sports training of the youth of the region in the pre-war period (1935-1940). The main activities, methods and techniques of organizing training are considered. The article notes that the general militarization of Soviet society led to a significant transformation of Osoaviakhim's activities. In the mid-1930s new tasks were set to the defense society, the main of which were the organization of military and sports training of young people, the formation of a reserve for the Red Army and Navy. Thus, Osoviakhim began to turn from a voluntary public organization into a paramilitary structure inextricably linked with the Soviet state apparatus, which determined the main directions of its activities. The work focuses on the work of the primary organizations of Osoaviakhim, which were established in all specialized secondary and higher educational institutions, as well as in many schools in the region. They were also organized in communities, at collective farms, at enterprises and in institutions. Various clubs (sports, rifle, cavalry, anti-air and chemical defense, sanitary defense) worked under the leadership of the defense departments. As a result of the training, tests on exercises including the complexes of military and sports training ("Ready for work and defense", "Ready for sanitary defense", "Voroshilov shooter", "Voroshilov rider") appeared. After successfully passing the tests, the corresponding defense badges were issued (separate for each complex). By the end of the 1930s, the possession of such badges became an integral attribute of the lifestyle of Soviet youth. Thus, in the pre-war years, the Osoaviakhim branches became the main organizers of military sports training for the youth of the region. Thanks to their efforts, a high-quality reserve was prepared for the armed forces of the country, which, during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, defended the freedom and independence of the Motherland with honor.
TRADE AND SUPPLY CHAIN ACTIVITIES OF CONSUMER COOPERATION OF THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR
The relevance of the article is explained by the ongoing search for an optimal model of Russia's economic development. A lot of attention is paid to the large-scale industrial production as well as various types of cooperation. Among the latter, consumer cooperation is of particular importance, one of the most important functions of which is the organization of trade and supply chain activities. In this regard, it is of great scientific and practical interest to study the experience of carrying out this activity, considering the challenging conditions of the Great Patriotic War. The object of the study is the Soviet cooperation during the Great Patriotic War. The subject of the study is the trade and supply chain activities of the consumer cooperation of the Krasnodar Territory during the Great Patriotic War. The study aims to analyze the trade and supply chain activities of the consumer cooperation of the Krasnodar Territory during the wartime. Among the tasks of the study are the restructuring of trade and supply chain activities of consumer cooperation during the war, highlighting the main directions of this activity as well as identification of the main factors and conditions for the restoration and development of trade activities of consumer cooperation in 1943-1945 and determination of the role of consumer cooperation in supplying the population of Kuban with consumer goods. As a result of the study, a detailed analysis of the trade and supply activities of the consumer cooperation of the Krasnodar Territory during the war was given, on the basis of which conclusions were drawn reflecting the essential role of consumer cooperation in solving social problems of wartime.
MATERIAL AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF EMPLOYEES OF LOCAL BODIES OF SOVIET POWER IN KARACHAY-CHERKESSIA (1920-1935)
The article deals with the topic of national-state development in the North Caucasus. The author examines the process of formation of the material and financial basis of the local bodies of Soviet power in Karachay-Cherkessia, in particular, the managerial personnel of rural Councils of Deputies. The article highlights issues of remuneration of the lower level of Soviet employees during three periods of the Soviet era - the years of "war communism", the new economic policy (NEP) and collectivization. The article notes that during the NEP period, when a villager could receive incomes significantly exceeding the salary of a Soviet employee, there was a decline in the prestige of public service in rural areas. At the same time, there was an improvement in the system of maintenance of the working apparatus of village councils: the implementation of a system of official salary rates (depending on the place in the service hierarchy, the complexity of the work performed, the number of subordinates), a steady increase in wages, etc. The article presents materials indicating that during the 15 years of the existence of the Soviet government, there was a budgetary lack of independence of rural authorities, underdevelopment of planning their work, a low level of professional training, which entailed various kinds of violations of financial discipline. These circumstances, according to the author, directly affected the functioning of the life support sphere of the lower (rural) level of the Soviet system.
LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATIONS OF MIGRATION POLICY UNDER NICOLAS SARKOZY
The phenomenon of migration, which has played an important role in human evolution, is considered not only as a simple mechanical movement of people, but also as a complex social process that affects numerous spheres of life. In this regard, it is worth noting that these consequences are both positive and negative, leading to the emergence of new conflicts of various kinds. Thus, it is clear that in recent years the problem of migration has been causing more and more concern at the national and international levels, since these processes are characterized by a sharp increase in scale, spontaneity and uncontrollability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the rights of the main institutions regulating the problems of integration of migrants into French society, as well as to consider the legal framework of France's migration policy during the presidency of Nicolas Sarkozy.
THE GENESIS OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MOLDOVA AND RUSSIA FROM THE END OF XVIII CENTURY TO 1991 (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MUSICAL ART)
The article examines the chronological development of the social and cultural relationship between Moldova and Russia on the example of musical art. The topic is not new, but there are still gaps that need to be filled. The author emphasizes that the genesis of socio-cultural life in the field of musical art of Moldova has evolved over many centuries along with the culture of neighboring Slavic and Turkic peoples, as well as Jews and Hungarians. Tracing the stages of socio-cultural musical development, the author argues that the local musical culture was built in several directions: court culture, church singing tradition, music salons and private education, concerts and music market, basic and specialized education, three-stage professional education (school-college- conservatory), festival movement, art clubs and cultural exchange, cultural life in the diaspora. The author concludes that the representatives of the socio-cultural life of Russia and Moldova are people: teachers, performers, musicians.
ACTUALIZATION OF THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF ISLAM IN THE MUSEUM SPACE OF RUSSIA
Modern Russia is on its way of establishing its own national path, in which the cultural and historical heritage plays a fundamental role. After the collapse of the USSR, one could observe general fragmentation in all spheres of life for a long time, some of them were back on the path of development only in the last decade. The formation of a new time policy for the large-scale territory of Russia is a task that requires time. Taking into account the multinationality and multi-confessionalism of the country, it is important to emphasize the contribution of the Islamic people to the formation of the image of the country. The close proximity of peoples professing Islam and Orthodoxy that existed since the VII century made it possible to unite people of Russia in their spiritual development. In order to improve interreligious relationships, decrease the level of intolerance towards Muslims and eliminate the Islam-terrorism-evil stereotype, the author suggests turning to the interactivity of museums as a traditional platform for demonstrating the historical and cultural heritage. This article is aimed at revealing the historical relationship between the Islamic peoples and the Russians, as well as formulating the relevance of the integration of Islam into the Russian civil society.
3D-RECONSTRUCTION OF DOLMENS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGHEA
The article describes the work on an interdisciplinary project of virtual reconstruction of partially or completely destroyed dolmens of the Republic of Adyghea. It is emphasized that the use of 3D-modeling technology opens up new possibilities for the conservation of historical and cultural heritage. The authors emphasize the prospects of using these technologies for the reconstruction of megalithic monuments of the Republic of Adygea. This article describes the experience in 3D-reconstruction of dolmens on various types of sources. We consider the possibilities and limitations of the 3D-reconstruction methods for the megalithic monuments of Adygea. The paper concludes with the development of a mobile application with augmented reality for tourists using the models created.
SociologyDemonova Ya.O.LABOR MARKET IN THE POST-PANDEMIC PERIOD
The article presents the results of a secondary sociological analysis of employment statistics in the EU member states and the Russian Federation. The dynamics of employment of the population is described and the dominant trends are indicated. It is noted that the level of the employed population is increasing. The gender gap in employment in the global labor market has narrowed. The level of youth employment has decreased over the past ten years, while the level of employment of people of retirement age has increased over the same period. Only in six EU countries in 2021, the employment rate returned to its pre-pandemic indicators. The probability of getting a job also varies, depending on the level of education. People with a low level of education had the slowest growth in the employment rate. The employment rate in 2021 was still below the pre-pandemic level for people with low and secondary education, but above the pre-pandemic level for people with higher education. The number of people with permanent jobs has decreased slightly, and the number of temporary workers has increased, which indicates the growth of non-standard forms of employment and a flexible system of labor relations in general.
CURRENT STATE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF STUDENTS` SYSTEM OF VALUES
The article deals with the process of formation and development of system of values of Russian students. It is noted that the erosion of traditional socio-normativity leads to a pragmatic interpretation of reality and the strengthening of utilitarian-hedonistic values among modern youth. On the basis of a sociological study conducted by the team of authors, the binary nature of the axiological dominants of university students was revealed. The study confirmed, on the one hand, the viability of traditional values, which are expressed in the need to start a family and strengthen family relations, maintain strong friendship and keep healthy. On the other hand, there is a pragmatization of the system of values of regional students, which is expressed in the desire to achieve material well-being, get a high-quality and in-demand education, and build a successful career. The traditional values themselves are filled with utilitarian meanings and, thereby, acquire a new, pragmatic content, radically transforming the leisure and business life of young people. It is concluded that the utilitarian-hedonistic model of personality, founded within the framework of modern society, is successfully integrated into the sociotype of the new generation of students, within which new adaptation strategies are formed to the challenges and risks of the XXI century.
ISSUES OF ETHICS AND COMMUNICATION ETIQUETTE IN SOCIAL NETWORKS
this article is devoted to ethics and etiquette in social networks. The basic principles of network etiquette are considered, as well as some ethical dilemmas faced by different people using social networks. The importance of maintaining the rules of communication in an online environment is substantiated. In addition, the specifics of communication in social networks among representatives of the younger generation are considered. An empirical study of students' interaction on the Internet is also being conducted. The practical significance of this work is due to the fact that the research carried out has the ability to reproduce and contribute to the further development of new methods of teaching young people the basics and various aspects of ethics and etiquette in social networks.
EVIDENCE. NOTES. COMMENTSRudakova G.I.ON CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR INCITEMENT TO SUICIDE AND ASSISTANCE IN ITS COMMITMENT
The article deals with the prevalence of suicide as deviant behavior among adolescents. The issues of prevention of suicidal behavior by relieving tension and building communication, rapport and mutual understanding and respect as well as teaching the golden rules of morality deserve special attention. The author analyzes the legal instruments of criminal law and the content features of the judicial practice of inducing and creating destructive behavior on Internet sites aimed at inciting suicide. It is necessary to improve the effectiveness of measures to prevent suicides at the stage of their planning. Since much more adolescents die from suicide than in road and other accidents, the author states that it is rational to use the constructive potential of educational institutions in the implementation of comprehensive measures to prevent suicidality. In conclusion, it is important to improve the system of social support for the population and support the institution of motherhood and childhood, active propaganda in the media of the idea of the perniciousness of domestic violence, interaction between law enforcement agencies and society in the prevention of suicidality in modern cyberspace.
PRESENTATION OF THE MONOGRAPHShadzhe A.Yu.THE RETURN (PRESENTATION OF THE MONOGRAPH by JHADE CEMRE "ADYGHE-ABKHAZ DIASPORA AND REPATRIATION. FROM TURKEY TO ABKHAZIA AND ADYGHEA". - MAYKOP: LLC "POLYGRAPH-YUG", 2020. - 128 P.
Zhade Cemre's monograph explores the current problems of the Adyghe-Abkhaz diaspora, as well as "repatriation (return migration, reverse migration)", that is, the return to their "ancestral homeland" in the Caucasus. The paper shows the impact of transnational practices in the diaspora on return migration and examines the role of different levels of participation in transnational practices in the decision to return. The author defines the idea of motherland as “home” and presents the dynamics influencing the decision of the Abkhazians and Adyghes about repatriation. The advantage of scientific work lies in the observance of the basic requirements for sociological research: a) the sociologically-based concepts; b) skillful management of modern methodology - an interdisciplinary approach, c) the empirical basis of the study, which made it possible to "measure" the depth of understanding of the issues of the diaspora and repatriation. The participants in the scientific discussion noted not only the theoretical importance, but also the practical significance of the study in the new Russian reality, when the country faced the challenges of global geopolitical and sociocultural challenges. It is noted that there is the need for research activity of scientists of the Republic of Adyghea to rethink the issues of ethno-cultural identity in the context of strengthening the Russian national identity and the unity of the multi-ethno-confessional Russian people.
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