|
The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology” |
 Ðóññêèé
|
| Home page Subjects Chief Editor Editors Instructions to Authors Rules of the reviewing Subscription Contacts Publishing house | ||
|
#1 / 2023HistoryAkoeva N.B.LEGAL GROUNDS AND REGIONAL PREFERENCES OF FOREIGNERS WHEN RESETTLING IN RUSSIA IN THE XVIII CENTURY
The article discusses the issues of attracting foreign masters to the Russian service in the XVIII century, the specifics of concluding a contract, the conditions of service and dismissal from office, the amount of earnings and more. It is noted that along with intermediaries close to the tsar, diplomats or agents specially sent to Western Europe, less significant and well-known persons were engaged in inviting masters to Russia.Already in the XVIII century, much attention was paid to the legal issues of registration of relations with a foreign master. Not only the wishes of the specialist himself were taken into account, but also the benefits of the hiring party. Contracts with foreigners speak of a fairly high legal culture inherent in the Russian Empire at that time. Soviet and Russian researchers explored the chosen topic, focusing on the general aspects of attracting foreigners to serve in Russia. A number of historians considered the legal status of foreigners from certain countries, in particular England, France and Germany.
“HOMELAND” AS A CONCEPT FOR THE EUROPEAN NORTH CAUCASIANS OF THE FIRST WAVE IN EUROPE (1920-1930s)
In the historical perspective the concept of "homeland" for the first generation of North Caucasian emigrants, who settled in European countries in the 1920s-1930s, received different interpretations. It depended on the following factors: the fate of the persons in Russia before 1917, their political views that existed before 1917 and during the period of emigration (monarchical, nationalist, religious), social life in emigration, the level of adaptation to European life. This problem belonged more to the political field than the moral aspect. The attitude towards the homeland was manifested in different ways: the desire to have a French passport or live with a Nansen passport, the desire for social and political activities in exile, the desire to be a member of North Caucasian organizations, etc. As a result, both Russia and the North Caucasus as part of Russia and as a separate region - the North Caucasus and the Caucasus as a whole - could be understood as Homeland. The aim of this article is to show the development of the trends on the example of North Caucasian European emigrants` lives.
THE ROLE OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EURASIAN INTEGRATION
The regionalization taking place in the world today, as a response to an attempt of globalization, became possible as a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union, which was one of the pillars of the bipolar world order. The degradation of the once unified geopolitical and geo-economic system of the USSR has put the post-Soviet republics in front of the need to implement integration associations. The first and fundamental for all integration stages was the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Political contradictions prevented the development of the economic potential of the CIS, however, effective decisions were made on its site, a legal framework was formed and interested partners were identified. The Eurasian space has become a historical basis for the development of integration potential in interstate relations. The study analyzes modern processes in the post-Soviet space, examines factors affecting the unification of states with common historical roots based on the use of the comparative historical method in order to identify the further trend in the development of interstate interaction of the CIS countries.
The article attempts to rethink the role of the Commonwealth for the post-Soviet space, which is often criticized for amorphousness and low coordination discipline in the execution of its own decisions, as well as the analysis of the stages of the integration path on the basis of the historical experience and taking into account the lessons learned.
PEDAGOGICAL STAFF IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF KARACHAY-CHERKESSIA IN THE 1980S - EARLY 1990S: STRUCTURE, RECRUITMENT, ADVANCED TRAINING
The article is devoted to the study of the pedagogical staff in schools of the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region in the last decade of the Soviet period (1981-1991). The study analyzes the dynamics of the number of teachers, the structure of the staff, the main training and retraining centers for schools in the region are identified as well. It is noted that by the beginning of this period, a significant layer of pedagogical intelligentsia had been formed in the KCHAR, which mainly worked in secondary schools. It is emphasized that the main training center for schools was based in a local university – the Karachay-Cherkess Pedagogical Institute (KCHPI). However, due to the limited capabilities of the university, it could not provide the region with teachers in a number of subjects. To solve the problem, the regional Department of Education sent citizens of Karachay-Cherkessia to larger universities – the Stavropol Institute and the Pyatigorsk Pedagogical Institute of Foreign Languages. Later, they hired the graduates of these universities to work in the KCHAR. Along with that, new departments and faculties were being open at KCHPI. The first of them (Department of history) opened in 1988, and by 1993 the university practically satisfied the needs of the region for subject teachers. Measures to increase pedagogical skills and to improve the qualifications of teachers were taken, which played an important role in raising the level of education in the schools of the region. The main organizer was the regional Institute for Teacher Improvement, on the basis of which more than 12 thousand took course trainings in 1981-1991. Moreover, the staff of the Institute conducted various types of events to study, generalize and disseminate the pedagogical experience of the best teachers not only of the region, but the whole country as well. In conclusion, by the beginning of the 1990s, the growing socio-economic crisis led to a decline in the prestige of the teaching profession. Many graduates of KCHPI refused a teaching career. Thus, by the end of the period, secondary schools in Karachay-Cherkessia again faced personnel problems, which only increased in subsequent years.
MIXED MARRIAGES AS A FACTOR OF INTERETHNIC INTERACTION IN A CISCAUCASIAN CITYIN THE 1890S - 1930S (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ARMAVIR)
The colonization influx of migrants was a major factor in forming the multinational image of the North-Western Caucasus in the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. Among the centers of Ciscaucasia with a heterogeneous multi-ethnic diversity of inhabitants, Armavir stood out noticeably. The multi-ethnic environment of Russian cities in the region as a whole contributed to the increase in the number of mixed marriages. In this study, the processes of mixing are considered on the example of the Armavir German community; cases of mixed marriages among the Orthodox population are identified. The analysis also provides statistics on the dynamics of mixing processes among the peoples of the North Caucasus in the 1920s-1930s. The analysis shows that in an urban ethno-community that exists in a different ethnic environment, the number of mixed marriages increases over time. This process is more intense than similar processes among, for example, the autochthonous peoples of the North Caucasus. However, the percentage of mixed marriages among these peoples was relatively higher in the first decades of Soviet regime. The article thoroughly examines the processes of ethnic erosion on the example of the German community of the city of Armavir. In conclusion, the authors prove the intensification of interethnic interaction at the level of family ties in the first decades of Soviet regime.
SociologyBarsukova T.I., Lezhebokov A.A.DISCOURSE OF SOCIAL REGULATION OF YOUTH DEVIATIONS IN THE SOCIOLOGY OF CULTURE
The study addresses the problem of young people`s choice of deviantogenic behavioral regulators. The article points out that deviations among the youth belong to social regulation, however, self-regulation processes are also manifested to a large extent. Many young people choose deviant behavior over institutionalized norms and socially approved values. This problem is not new, only the mechanisms and methods of deviations can be recognized as innovative. The aim of the study is to implement the discourse of social regulation of youth deviations from the perspective of the sociology of culture, using the normative-value methodology as part of the sociocultural analysis. The leading approaches to the study of social regulation as a social phenomenon are analyzed. The most general theoretical and methodological principles and their specific features that determine the social regulation are singled out. The results show the contribution of leading researchers, primarily Russian ones, to the expansion of the semantic field of the research topic with the connotations of the concept of "social regulation of youth deviations" and their representation in the scientific literature. The authors conclude that deviantogenic behavioral regulators are associated with a complex of social factors, which lead to a better understanding of ongoing processes among young people.
IMAGE FORMATION OF REGIONAL EXECUTIVE BODIES IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN CHALLENGES
The article identifies objective and subjective characteristics that form the image of the executive authorities of the region, identifies the main participants of the image-forming environment. They are represented by the population of different parts of the Russian Federation, the regional business community, the authorities, active public and mass media workers. Identification of the participants of image-forming environment allowed us to identify the main criteria for the effectiveness of the region's executive authorities, based on which their image is also formed. These criteria have been developed in accordance with the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 4, 2021 "On the Evaluation of the Performance of Senior Officials in the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation and the Activities of the Executive Bodies in the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation.". They are summarized in the following classification: trust; transparency (openness); competence and professionalism; involvement in social and everyday life; efficiency in solving social problems in accordance with the position held and the function defined by it. The article concludes that the identified image characteristics are parameters for assessing the activities of regional executive authorities and nowadays become one of the key indicators to determine the effectiveness of their positioning in the media space.
CAREER COUNSELLING FOR SCHOOL GRADUATES IN THE SPHERE OF PUBLIC EMPLOYMENT OF THE SAMARA REGION
The article presents the results of the sociological study of the career counselling of Samara schools graduates. The article reviews the most popular specialisations that high school students choose when they go to universities, their motives for choosing one as well as the ratings of Samara universities. The demand for certain specialisations correlated with the needs of the regional labor market (compared with the official statistics). It was found that Samara high school students generally prefer the humanitarian specialisations, while there is a shortage of technical specialists in the labor market. It is also necessary to note the existing shortage of qualified workers with secondary vocational education. The need for these specialists is 2 times higher than for specialists with higher education both at the regional and municipal levels. Most of the graduates of Samara choose to enter local universities. A quarter of the respondents will try to enter the top universities of Russia, a little more than 10% - universities in other cities, about 3% opt for foreign universities. The author also reviews the articles in which the results of research on similar topics are presented and makes an attempt at triangulation of data.
PROBLEMS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE STATE POLICY OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE FIELD OF CULTURE IN MODERN TIMES
The author considers the stages of legal regulation and the formation of digitalization processes in the field of culture as a state policy. The main normative legal acts regulating the work of cultural institutions on digitalization of various processes are analyzed. The main problems accompanying the implementation of state policy in this area are identified. The data of the survey conducted by the author among employees of cultural institutions and revealing their attitude to the problems arising in the process of digitalization are presented. Various research approaches to the study of public policy in the aspect of digitalization in the field of culture are presented.
THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE NATIONAL SEGMENT OF DIGITAL ARCHITECTONICS
The paper is devoted to the description of the theoretical and methodological basis for the strategy of sustainable progressive development of the national segment of the social space of «digital architectonics» - a dynamic system of the main digital spheres of the critical functioning of society. Consideration of the stages of the formation of digital architectonics and analysis of the interactions occurring within its «egressive» system makes it possible to identify the main driving forces and restraining mechanisms, analyze their state at the level of the national segment and identify areas for sustainable development.
TRADITIONAL AND INNOVATIVE PROCESSES OF PERSONALITY ENCULTURATION
The article deals with the theoretical foundations of the process of enculturation of personality in the process of formation of personality. The author believes that due to the active virtualization of society, changes in the social and cultural sphere will also affect the process of individual's cultural values and identity formation in the future. Thus, at present there are traditional forms as well as innovative ones. The author uses the traditional form to describe the process of enculturation of the individual in the real world. The features of the main phases of enculturation and the relationship between man and culture at each of them are outlined. A consequence of the virtualization of culture was the emergence of Internet culture, which is outlined in terms of the formation of secondary, abstract culture. In conclusion, in the process of enculturation an individual goes through not only the process of mastering the culture of the real world, but also the virtual one; assumption of innovative approach is put forward.
ANNIVERSARY DATESRudakova G.I.TO THE 300TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE GENERAL PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article deals with the fact that such a negative phenomenon as crime in the new Russia is not reduced, and has a disguised nature, taking advantage of its the position and immunity. Back in time Aristotle worked out the basics of the prevention of negative social processes. Among others, he named the supremacy of laws over officials and the fight against corruption [1]. The Constitution of the Russian Federation states that our state is democratic, secular, social [2]. However, reforms and pandemics are taking away from the formation of morality in society. A proper work of investigators, prosecutors and ultimately the court is very important in overcoming the negative processes, so that everyone who is guilty will receive the punishment they deserve. In this regard, the prosecutor has an important role to play. First, all decisions to initiate criminal proceedings are sent to them, in order to verify the legality of the decision by the investigator. An incomplete ruling is overturned by the prosecutor. When the investigation is completed, the investigator fully submits the criminal case with an indictment to the prosecutor. The prosecutor carefully examines it, checking the evidence collected by the investigator for the prosecution, the data characterizing the person, the causes and conditions contributing to the commission of the crime, and whether the investigator has taken measures to prevent violations in the future. Making sure that the quality of the investigation of the criminal case is good, the prosecutor approves the indictment and sends the case to court for consideration on the merits.
ReviewsBotasheva A.K.MONOGRAPH REVIEW ON «THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC AS A CHALLENGE TO THE AUTHORITIES AND SOCIETY: A POLITICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL VIEW: A MONOGRAPH / Z.A. ZHADE, N.A. ILYINOVA, I.V. KIREEVA, E.S. KUKVA, S.A. LYAUSHEVA, A.YU. SHADZHE; HEAD OF THE TEAM OF AUTHORS AND
The work of Russian researchers Z.A. Zhade, N.A. Ilyinova, I.V. Kireeva, E.S. Kukva, S.A. Lyausheva and A.Yu. Shadzhe is devoted to the topical problems caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, that gave rise to immediate challenges for all mankind, including those in the field of interaction between society and government during the coronacrisis. Indeed, the global pandemic has become a shock phenomenon for the entire world community, affecting all spheres of life of the human population: social, economic and political. The usual world order and the processes of globalization have undergone significant negative transformations, and the level of risk itself for large masses of the world's population was unusually high. Therefore, global pandemics have been put on the same level as nuclear war in terms of the level of danger to humanity, as they indicate the presence of possible damage to several countries at the same time, including national health systems on a global scale and branches of the world economy. We should not lose sight of such global risks of pandemics as a change in the worldview of society towards rejection of the fight against the pandemic, the devaluation of value orientations in conditions of limited public relations and social contacts, the growth of social inequality caused by the lack of opportunities to be realized in all areas of employment.
As it has already been proven in practice, the economic reality during the pandemic is undergoing a collapse, associated both with the high costs of combating the pandemic, and associated with the disruption of economic chains in the international distribution of labor and the lack of international relations in the field of tourism, travel, migration and labor exchange. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic exposed such problems as: the high complexity of the fight against the pandemic; the extremely low level of integrity of the world community, expressed in the desire of nation states to fight the global threat separately; the "pre-cave level" of self-consciousness of some citizens of all countries of the world who deny elementary rules and requirements in the field of personal hygiene; objective socio-cultural traumatization of the individual caused by the psychological unwillingness of a person to be isolated from the society even for a while; the growth of protest moods caused by distrust in the authorities, medicine, politicians, as well as belief in suggestions unexpectedly for all multiplied "virologists" on the Internet. Often, doctors themselves added their "fly in the ointment" to what was happening, echoing and repeating the tales of impostor virologists. V.K. Belozerov's remark, according to which "digitalization creates conditions for selection and conscious falsification of information" [1; 88], seems to be fair. This remark applies like nothing else to countering the spread of the pandemic, since it is digitalization that sometimes serves as a means of manipulating public consciousness. Therefore, the research of the scientists from the South of Russia, who analyze the transformations that took place in the Russian society under the conditions of coronavirus, is undoubtedly relevant and valuable. At the same time, it should be noted that the main goal of the authors, which was to create a systematic consideration, firstly, of the pandemic as a global risk of modernity, secondly, as a vector of disintegration of the connection between power and society in multiethnic societies, and thirdly, the transparency of power in the conditions of falling trust resources, has been achieved. The authors also expanded the area of scientific research and additionally considered such problematic issues as the behavior of modern organized crime structures in the context of the spread of COVID-19, the activities of the "fourth power" during the global challenge, etc. We also note empirical studies of the level of trust in the authorities in the Republic of Adygheya and Krasnodar Territory, supplemented by expert assessments and technologies developed by the authors of the monograph to strengthen trust in the authorities during pandemics.
REVIEW OF THE OFFICIAL OPPONENT TO THE THESIS «ADMINISTRATIVE PREJUDICE IN CRIMINAL LAW» BY Z.Z. MAMKHYAGOV SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF CANDIDATE OF LEGAL SCIENCES IN SPECIALTY 5.1.4. CRIMINAL LAW SCIENCES (LEGAL SCIENCES)
The review aims to thoroughly and objectively assess the thesis on the topic «Administrative prejudice in Criminal Law» by Zurab Zunelevich Mamkhyagov successfully defended in 2022 at the Thesis committee in Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russian Federation.
Methods: The methodological basis of the work lies in the dialectical method of cognition of phenomena and processes. In addition, the methods of generalization, system-structural analysis, as well as the formal-legal method were used.
Results: the unconditional relevance of the study, its theoretical and practical significance, and scientific novelty were confirmed. The main points submitted for defense, representing the author's concept of the work, are supported. The paper presents the reviewer`s positions stated in the thesis concerning: the essence of administrative prejudice in criminal law; arguments in favor of unifying the structures of offenses with administrative prejudice; a number of the author's proposals from the point of view of de lege ferenda regarding the legislative regulation of the term of "administrative punishment", the number of administrative offenses that form a prejudice, the definition of a special subject in the relevant criminal law norms. Certain points of the research are critically evaluated, and some points that require additional scientific study or argumentation are identified.
Scientific novelty: the author evaluates the thesis «Administrative prejudice in Criminal Law» by Z.Z. Mamkhyagov, submitted for the degree of candidate of legal sciences in specialty 5.1.4. Criminal Law sciences (legal sciences) on the topic.
Practical significance: the materials of the article can be used in further improvement of the criminal legislation and in the clarifications of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation.
|
© Adyghea State University, 2005-2023