|
The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology” |
 Ðóññêèé
|
| Home page Subjects Chief Editor Editors Instructions to Authors Rules of the reviewing Subscription Contacts Publishing house | ||
|
#3 / 2022HistoryIvashchenko A.S.TURKISH MODEL OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (1920TH – EARLY 21ST CENTURY): BASIC AND DISTINCTIVE FEATURES
One of the basic elements of the world community functioning in all epochs was the economy. This immutable axiom has become even more relevant in the period of modern history. The highly developed countries of Western Europe, the USA and Japan, having achieved leading positions in economic development, do not intend to concede them to anyone. However, a considerable number of Eastern countries, in particular, do not want to put up with the existing order of things and challenge the recognized leaders of a kind of economic race. Turkey is one of such ambitious Eastern countries with a worthy historical, cultural and civilizational heritage. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main features, distinctive features, key periods, advantages and problems of the development of the Turkish economy from the 1920s to the beginning of the 21st century. The following scientific research methods were used in the preparation of the article: narrative, historical-genetic, historical-retrospective, periodization method, comparative-historical, historical-typological, and problem-chronological. An analysis of the development of the Turkish economy in the designated chronological framework gives grounds to assert that along with its indisputable achievements, it also has a number of problems that are still unresolved. Among them, problems in the agricultural sector should be noted, such as: the presence of unprofitable small farms; low yields, in particular, of grain crops; significant vulnerability of crop production from weather conditions; progressive soil erosion. In the industrial field, Turkey also faces many tasks that require urgent solutions, including a significant gap in the standard of living between the western and eastern parts of the country; the unresolved problem of sufficiently high inflation; significant dependence of the economy on external borrowings; excess of foreign exchange expenses over foreign exchange income; high unemployment rate; tangible external debt, etc.
SociologyE.A.M. Abdel VakhedTHE POTENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF "BLACK TOURISM": ARE THERE ANY PROSPECTS? (FROM THE MATERIAL OF SCIENTIFIC ARTICLES AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA)
The article discusses the benefits of promoting "Black tourism" in Russia. The development of "Black tourism" is due to the fact that today this type of tourist activity arouses curiosity among tourists to visit places with historical, mystical significance and associated with mass deaths, tragedies and disasters. In English-speaking science this trend is called "dark tourism". At the present stage, this topic is under development and requires further research. The media is also actively developing this topic on its pages. The relevance of this study is that today scientific publications and the media play an important role in the development of tourism. It is especially significant for the development of domestic tourism market in Russia, in terms of promoting patriotism, for example, through the prism of organizing tours with visits to the places of military operations during the Great Patriotic War. The study was based on the application of various methods: the method of selection and analysis of information, as well as the descriptive method. The empirical basis of the study consisted of scientific articles and publications of Russian Internet media on the stated topic. The novelty of the research is to reveal the potential of the media in the promotion and development of various types of tourism.
PECULIARITIES OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN LANGUAGE NORMS IN A MULTIETHNIC REGION
The article presents the results of an empirical study of the regional features of the transformation of the norms of the Russian language in a multiethnic region, a vivid example of which is the Astrakhan region. Modern realities affect the transformation of the norms of the Russian language. The results of the study indicate that most of the population of the Astrakhan region uses social networks, which notes that social networks affect the transformation of the norms of the Russian language. It is believed that foreign words enrich the native language and Astrakhans actively use Anglicisms. The expert community supports the results of the quantitative interview when it comes to the thesis that the norm of the modern Russian language can be considered as what dictionaries and linguists prescribe. The language must be protected, it is necessary to fight for the purity of the language by all available means. In the Astrakhan region, a dialect of the Russian language is widespread, enriched with Turkic words. In the local community, dialect words are widely used that define the regional ecosystem: these are toponyms, ichthyos and ornithofauna, etc. Information technologies are rapidly changing language norms that create unique linguistic sociocultural continuums, the so-called "network communities". Communication in social networks leads to the liberalization of the norms of the literary language, which are no longer mandatory.
FEATURES OF MODERN TRANSFORMATIONAL PROCESSES OF THE FESTIVE SYSTEM OF RUSSIA AND KUBAN
The article deals with the changes that have occurred in the festive system of Russia and Kuban in the post-Soviet period. The concept of "holiday" has repeatedly become the subject of scientific research (M.M. Bakhtin, J. Heizinga, Y. Lotman, etc.), and the historically formed Russian festive system, but its changes in the post-Soviet period are not fully covered, and the ongoing processes are so rapid that they require analysis and comprehension again and again. The types of the most common holidays are distinguished and some transformational changes are determined. The modern Russian festive system is eclectic; holidays of different origin, opposite conceptuality, social purposefulness and scale coexist in it, and transformations relating to both the entire system as a whole and individual festive forms continue. Changes in the living conditions of social groups and strata act as the basis for the transformation of the festive culture and the festive system; political, social and economic environment; and social consciousness, expressed in the culture and spiritual values of society, the state, social group and personality. The colossal ethnic diversity of the South of Russia and the growing flow of migrants from other regions of the country make the regional festive system complex and multipolar. It is formed purposefully by state and public bodies and takes into account the cultural and religious traditions of not only the national majority, but also the diaspora.
STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN TERMS OF INTERACTION: HISTORICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES (ARTICLE 2)
This article serves as a continuation of the study of the dynamics of local self-government with an emphasis on the state component of politogenesis processes. The author proposes a historical and sociological examination, fixing the consistently increasing control over the structures of local government by the highest authorities. The substantive content of institutional forms of self-government reflects the general nature of the interaction between society and the state, which in turn is due to the circle of natural and social circumstances. The current local government is the result of both the historical process and the integrated impact of modern sources of various levels, among which it is necessary to distinguish global factors, national factors, regional factors, mainly arising from specific territorial specifics. The category "political and managerial tradition" has been proposed, with the involvement of which it is advisable to study the national specifics of local self-government. The political and managerial tradition assumes its own essential specifics, being the result of the interweaving of many factors of a constant and variable plan that work throughout the historical development of the political component of this society.
UNREGISTERED COHABITATION AS A MODEL OF THE MARRIAGE STRATEGY OF MODERN YOUTH
The process of transformation of the institution of the family is formed under the influence of various destructive phenomena, among which modern globalization processes play a special role. The core of these processes are Western European values, blurring traditional ideas about family and marriage, forming a hierarchy of values associated with the choice of various forms and models of marriage, among which unregistered cohabitation is particularly popular. The relevance of the research topic is related to the actualization of new forms and models of the modern family based on the refusal to register a marriage union. In the course of a sociological study, it was found that a certain part of respondents did not exclude the model of marital partnership in the conditions of cohabitation, which largely reflects the Russian trend of increasing the number of young people living in the format of unregistered cohabitation.
Methods. The empirical basis of the study was made up of the works of Russian scientists and the results of an independent sociological study that allow analyzing the phenomenon of unregistered cohabitation in the context of sociocultural transformations of Russian society.
The results of the study. It is proved that the processes taking place in modern society have a significant impact on the formation of value preferences of the younger generation in the choice of forms of modern family. Among them unregistered cohabitation is particularly popular as a model of marriage strategy which determines the nature of family and marriage relations, focused on the individualization of values in the youth environment.
Conclusion. Unregistered cohabitation is becoming widespread, reflecting the desire of young people to individualize values and refuse to register marital relations, indicating the transformation of the values of the traditional family in the conditions of a variety of forms and models of marriage, which have a special appeal from the younger generation.
SUBJECTIVE ASSESSMENTS OF THE CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN DEPRESSED TERRITORIES
For the economic security of the country, it is necessary to promote the sustainable and balanced spatial development of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the formation and preservation of the human capital of the population in depressed areas is of particular importance. They often become regions-drivers of quantitative reproduction of the population, and are also characterized by the presence of growth zones. The purpose of this work is to identify subjective assessments of the problems, opportunities and prospects for the development of human capital in territories lagging behind in many socio-economic indicators (depressed territories). The analysis of statistical data made it possible to identify such territories in the Perm region. During the study, Mixed Methods Research was used, including a semi-formalized interview of civil servants and a quota questionnaire survey of the population of a depressed area. In the course of the questionnaire survey, it was revealed that residents negatively assess local medicine, highlighting a number of problems in this area: lack of medical personnel, closure of healthcare facilities, and poor material and technical security. The population is satisfied with the quality and accessibility of the education system. In both areas, most of the respondents negatively assess the changes that have taken place over the past 10-15 years. The population approves assessments of the accessibility and quality of sports infrastructure. An analysis of the reproductive attitudes of the population of the depressed territory showed a favorable attitude towards the birth of children. Three-quarters of respondents attributed the search for work due to the high level of unemployment to the factors that encourage the departure of residents from the Komi-Permyak District. The results of the expert interview generally confirm the conclusions that were made during the questionnaire survey. Additionally, a number of problems were voiced that were not addressed in the survey: the logistics of patients, excessive state support contributes to the development of dependency, the lack of a differentiated approach to subsidizing agriculture, the transportation of students to the place of study, the study of the Komi-Permyak language contributes to the knowledge of the world around and overcoming the conformity of the population. Promising sectors of the Komi-Permyak economy are agriculture, logging and woodworking. It is concluded that subjective assessments of the conditions for the formation of human capital turned out to be due to the objective characteristics of the study area.
THE CONTENT OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE FIELD OF CULTURE: METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY
The article discusses the concept of “digitalization”, “digitalization in the field of culture”. The semantic and etymological analysis of the term is carried out, differences in the understanding of digitalization in foreign and domestic science are revealed. The author attempts to systematize methodological approaches to the study of digitalization in the cultural sphere. The technological, infrastructural, paradigmatic, regional-network, “innovative”, globalistic and economic methodological approaches applied by researchers in the study of innovative processes carried out in the process of digitization of objects of literature and art, as well as in the management of cultural institutions, are analyzed. The researcher points out the contradictions in the modern use of the term under study. The clarification of the concept of “digitalization” and the integration of various methodological approaches to its study seems relevant. The study made shows that digitalization as a "digitization" of works of art and culture creates the conditions for expanding the managerial capabilities of cultural institutions. Its technological nature gives reason to new sociocultural practices, which in the conditions of the information society strengthen the mental transformations of modern society.
CULTURAL LIFE OF STUDENTS DURING THE PANDEMIC
In the presented work, an analysis of the cultural life of students during the pandemic is carried out. The definition of students in the modern sense is given. The key trends in this direction have been studied. The incentives for association in the cultural direction are characterized. With the help of a social survey, it is concluded which areas of life have changed, how the pandemic has affected the leisure and creativity of students. The article describes how culture includes the totality of people's habits and learned social roles in everyday life. Its other key fragment is the community of interests of citizens. Any enterprise has its own corporate culture, as the members of the team also pursue the same goal and adhere to a certain model of behavior established by labor standards. Culture as a multifaceted concept, which includes attitudes, values and knowledge, material objects, is shared by group members. This is a dynamically developing system, changing along with the society itself. The connection between culture and youth is shown, especially in conditions where such an experience has not happened before.
LANGUAGE CULTURAL POLICY IN KAZAKHSTAN
The paper examines the language regional-cultural policy of Kazakhstan in the post-Soviet era. The author identifies the dominant value characteristics of this policy and compares the planned results with the real ones and the attitude towards them among politicians and specialists. The publication presents legislative framework of language policy in Kazakhstan, a roadmap for its implementation, as well as ideological justifications for the introduction of a trilingualism program (English, Kazakh, Russian) into the country's multi-level system of general and special education. The research materials comprise open Internet sources of Kazakhstan official ministries and departments, data from the 2021 annual statistical reports and census, documents of akimats (administrative entities) of the Republic, an analysis of scientific and popular science literature devoted to the problems of the state and development of languages in the region, and personal observations obtained during scientific events and communications with Kazakhstani colleagues. The mismatch of the official results of the trilingualism program with those presented by independent experts and sociological researchers in specific regions is diagnosed. Cultural innovations are characterized as close to shock. Nevertheless, significant changes in the language and information and technological spheres of Kazakhstan culture are shown. Significant successes of the trilingualism program are demonstrated in large cities of the country (Nur-Sultan, Almaty, Karaganda).
THE PROBLEM OF OVERCOMING NEGATIVE FORMS OF ATTITUDE TOWARDS THE POLICE
In modern Russian society, there is a tendency to widely spread negative stereotypes of police perception. The level of trust in law enforcement agencies is consistently low. At the same time, even those members of society who do not have personal experience of interacting with police officers become carriers of a negative attitude towards them. In these conditions, understanding the specifics of the problem and possible ways to solve it becomes relevant. The article is devoted to studying the role of the media in representing the negative image of a police officer and analyzing the possibilities of using media resources to overcome the prevailing stereotypes. The publication shows that the image of law enforcement officers is formed through the reproduction of inertial thinking, which consolidates stereotypical ideas and, thereby, retranslates the negative experience of interaction between certain groups of the population with police officers. At the same time, there are neutral and even positive information images of the police in society, but they are qualified as an exception rather than a norm. It is concluded that the formation of a positive image of a police officer is feasible through the production and demonstration of artistic products that acquaint a wide audience with the specifics of the functioning of the law enforcement system "from the inside".
AnniversariesKhuako F.N.Toward the anniversary of the scientist ASLANCHERIY TKHAKUSHINOV AND HIS EXPERIENCE AS A SOCIOLOGIST OF LITERATURE (TOWARD THE 75-TH ANIVERSARY OF THE SCIENTIST)
The anniversary of Aslancheriy Kitovich Tkhakushinov, who has a number of scientific works in the field of sociology of literature in both theoretical and North Caucasus fields, is very noticeable today. This activity is known in science, but little is considered analytically, which led to the obvious relevance of the topic. The purpose of the study is at least an overview listing of the main monographic publications of the scientist with the possible identification of the core trends of the author's scientific approach. The methods here are overview and analytical, without exception of comparative. The scientist is most captured by the conditional (both theoretical and textual) node of sociology and literature. A phased, thoughtful and attentive appeal to the topic of the connections of Adyghe literature with historical society continues in his scientific works throughout the second half of the past and at the beginning of the new century. Then an almost absolute ban on sociology in Soviet times was replaced by its complete abolition in the new millennium, in which A.K. Tkhakushinov actively joined. His inherent ability to organize, revive and build noticeable, impressive projects, as well as the thoroughness of the intellectual and emotional circles, all this allowed him to achieve serious scientific success.
|
© Adyghea State University, 2005-2023