#1 / 2020

The article considers the fate of the family of the diplomat, Adyg, Prince Gajemukov, who after the October Revolution was in exile, in France. This made it possible, at the micro-historical level, to formulate the main trends in the process of adapting of North Caucasus emigrants to life in the new country. The paper is based on two types of sources: materials of the private (family) archive of the Gajemukov family, which is stored in Paris by one of the descendants of this family - Sebastian, as well as information received during interviews with Sebastian. Some data were obtained from the Archives of the French Police Department (Paris), as well as from the Nice City Archive. Based on the processing of archival sources and empirical material obtained by the author, life strategies of emigrants, their matrimonial behavior, peculiarities of cultural adaptation to new life conditions were analyzed. One of the most characteristic instruments of cultural adaptation of emigrants was the possibility of using the bicultural resource of Russian and Adyg ethnic groups. The article concludes that the descendants of emigrants, influenced by sociocultural environment of France, gradually began to lose a number of elements of ethnic and religious identity.

15-25.pdf

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Issues of foreign policy cooperation between states attracted special attention of researchers at all times. In studying US-Turkish cooperation, it is particularly valuable to consider the source base that allows the researcher to carry out an objective analysis of the partnership between Washington and Ankara. The article attempts to analyze the basic structure of the formation and documentation of the foreign policy of the United States. Through a source analysis of one of the fundamental American documents "Public Speeches of the Presidents of the United States", a more detailed study of Washington's foreign policy is possible. The article reveals the history of the creation, structuring, and operation of the publication "Public Speeches of the Presidents of the United States” throughout the late 18th century to the present. Reference is also made to the creators of the original editions of the "Public Speeches of the Presidents of the United States". Each edition includes speeches, major regulatory documents, announcements, and proclamations by American presidents concerning domestic and foreign policy. As a detailed study of a major American source, each volume of the "Public Speeches of the Presidents of the United States” is supplemented by a special portfolio of photographs of American presidents during official visits both domestically and externally.

26-30.pdf

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The problem of revealing the sociocultural content of revolutionary legality is relevant in terms of expanding ideas about the mental features of Russian society, about the content side and the causes of serious social upheavals and cultural transformations of the early XX century. in Russia. The subject of the study is the attitude of society towards legality as part of its mental characteristics. The object of study is the historical process of evolution of the idea of legality in Russian culture at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries. The purpose of the study is to consider the rule of law and its relation to it as the results of the intellectual collective activity of society. The historical process is understood as the growth of social reflection, which contributes to society "making its history, of itself the subject of its reproductive activity" (A.S. Akhiezer). The author’s comparative historical and cultural analysis is based on the structural principle of classification of models of attitude to legality recorded in historical documents and events. The main contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the idea that the sociocultural content of revolutionary legality in the early XX century. advocates a socio-reflective understanding of the rule of law, revealing the mental features of Russian (in the future, Soviet) society. Fundamental changes in attitudes towards legality are caused by the intensification of intercultural integration and the inert resolution of structural tension in an inversion way, which led in 1917–1921. to the braid of inversion.

31-40.pdf

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The article discusses the state of agricultural production in the Kuban and the measures taken by the central and regional authorities to intensify it in the second half of the 1960s. Information is provided on the achieved level of agricultural development in the Krasnodar Territory by the mid-1960s. The potential of the collective farms and state farms of the Kuban is revealed, taking into account their provision with material, technical and human resources, the main types and directions of activity are revealed. As a prerequisite for economic reform, it indicates a slowdown in the pace of agricultural development and an aggravation of the food problem due to the mistakes of the party leadership, headed by N.S. Khrushchev. The importance of economic reform in agriculture, developed on the basis of the decisions of the March 1965 plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, to increase the dynamics of agricultural production in the Krasnodar Territory is emphasized. Attention is drawn to improving the structure of agriculture, which resulted in the Kuban completing the formation of zonal specialization of crops, in accordance with the climatic conditions of different regions of the region. As the most important factors for the implementation of large-scale intensification of agriculture in the Kuban, the widespread introduction of mechanization, electrification and chemicalization of production is considered. In this regard, information is provided on strengthening the material and technical base of collective farms and state farms, improving agricultural machinery in the activities of specialized research institutes, and expanding the repair base. The process implemented in the second half of the 1960s is highlighted. agricultural electrification programs, as well as broad chemicalization, introduced both in crop production and in animal husbandry of the Kuban. The complex of reclamation work carried out at that time and the expansion of the sown areas of grain crops, especially rice plantations, are considered. Along with the positive results of the implementation of economic reform in agriculture of the Kuban, existing problems and difficulties are noted.

41-48.pdf

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The article examines issues related to the legal status of such a social group of the South of Russia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century as non-Cossacks. During the period under review, they become an integral part of the population of the Cossack communities with significant legal restrictions in the field of local self-government, property, economic, fiscal and other relations. In particular, the peculiarities of the functioning and evolution of the system of judicial proceedings in the Cossack villages of Kuban are revealed. After the assassination of Russian Emperor Alexander II, the administrative and legal autonomy of non-Cossacks was significantly limited in the region by their submission to the jurisdiction of the village court. The counter-reformation course of Alexander III led to an increase in economic contradictions between the Cossack and non-Cossack populations in terms of the use of land and natural resources, and the increase in the fiscal burden on non-Cossacks caused the deterioration of their material situation. The author also notes that even with the coming to power of the administration of Nicholas II, which partially alleviated the financial burden on the nontactical population of the region, the contradictions between the Cossacks and non-Cossacks in the Kuban region were not fully resolved. The article is based mainly on the materials from the villages of the Upper-Kuban region.

49-57.pdf

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The article is devoted to the study of the history of the formation and development of the regulatory framework governing relations in the sphere of labor in Russia, namely with regard to labor books from the time of the reign of Peter I to the present. The article considers in detail the provisions of the normative documents of the state authorities of the RSFSR, the USSR and the Russian Federation on labor books. The development of the normative framework concerning labor books is connected with the change in the socio-economic and political conditions of the development of society and the State. The history of the labor book includes periods when it was considered both an identity card and a basic document confirming the labor activity and an employment record. At present a new period has come in the development of Russian labor legislation, which is connected with the development of the digital economy. A new stage of registration of employees’ labor activity - electronic - is coming. The formation of information on the employment of employees will be carried out in electronic form. Information on employment will be recorded on the electronic platform of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. From January 1, 2021, labor books will not be issued for employees who are hired for the first time.

58-64.pdf

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This article is devoted to the study of the sociopolitical and cultural life of the Ottoman Empire during the reign of the Young Turkish regime from 1908 to 1918 until the adoption of the 1924 Constitution. It was during this period that the pressure of central power on the social, political and cultural life of society was reduced. As part of Ottoman society, the Circassian diaspora also felt these changes. The weakening of the authoritarian regime has contributed to the emergence of women's movements, societies. The so-called women's magazines have begun to be published, on the pages of which it has become possible to express their active social and political position. During these years, cultural and charitable societies of Circassians, including women's societies, began to be established. One of them was the social organization "Society of Mutual Assistance of Circassian Women". The founders of the society pursued not only a charitable but also an educational goal, including the preservation of the national language and culture. The Circassian diaspora encountered the problem of assimilation processes in the early 20th century. Therefore, it was within this society that the idea of opening a national Circassian school, which had no analogues in its time, appeared.

65-69.pdf

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Sociology

This article deals with the issues of scientific organization of consulting in the theory of management and power which is relevant to sociology. The authors justify the prospects of the research and application of sociological consulting in the strategy of management of modern society, including establishing the new content of the concepts "sociological consulting", "administrative consulting", and "strategy of management". The high level of differentiation of forms of sociological consulting in the system of space-time coordinates provides an opportunity to correct diagnostics of social procedure with adjustment for the coefficient of sociological variation. It is emphasized that sociological consulting expands its heuristic potential by using an interdisciplinary approach in the interpretation of social processes. It is of particular importance in explaining the nature and meaning of management mechanisms, in developing epistemological criteria for assessing the effectiveness of promising management decisions. Based on the generalization of parameters and functionality of sociological consulting in the context of building management communications, the authors define its basic principles, which include regulatory principles, structural investing with full powers of management entities and documented forms of reporting and social design. It is concluded that the sociological consulting in the process of building a management strategy is promising and highly-demanded.

70-74.pdf

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The article attempted a social-philosophical analysis of the transformation of the mission, purpose, tasks and functions of modern education as a subsystem of society. Fundamental functions of education are considered. It is noted that they are undergoing substantive changes in the conditions of the information society. By remaining basic, these functions are filled with new meanings so that modern education meets the challenges of time. In a developing information society, the sphere of education is faced with a situation where its purpose, objectives and current mission in an era of transformation of information culture are directly dependent on a number of processes considered in the article. Based on the analysis of functional and dysfunctional deformations of the education system in the context of the information revolution, the author concludes that its humanistic potential has been weakened. In this regard, it is proposed to fill the humanistic mission of education with personality-oriented content, involving a gradual transition from subject-object relations of participants of the educational process to subject-subject. Such a model of the development of an educational space, which is limited to the system of traditional values of education, can make information culture a component of the general culture of man and thus increase the degree of adaptation of the individual to the challenges of modern times.

75-83.pdf

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The article considers the peculiarities of the attitude of the population towards law enforcement agencies. It is justified that the effectiveness of law enforcement agencies depends to a large extent on the social perception and image status of the police. The main aspects of the influence of trust in the police on the level of law and order in modern society are considered. In connection with the evaluation, the high importance of social perception of police officers is justified. The article provides a consistent review and analysis of the main factors in the formation of social perception of the police, among which structural and cultural information are distinguished. It is noted that the implementation of constructive measures to improve the attitude towards the police in the public environment should not be limited to individual management decisions and requires a comprehensive set of measures, including both the optimization of the police institution and the formation of an information impact on the population, aimed at transmitting a positive image of the police officer and overcoming negative social expectations. At the same time, it is justified that in modern conditions of development of information technologies there is a shift of the general importance of factors of social perception of official activity of law enforcement officials towards information prerequisites of its formation.

84-90.pdf

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The modern society, which has been called "information," is naturally based on information as one of the main resources of development. However, information penetrating into all spheres and subsystems of society of the 21st century, determining the appearance of social phenomena and processes, often turns out to be unreliable, poor quality and biased. This trend is related both to the targeted actions of social communication actors in order to achieve certain political, economic and other goals, and to the fluctuations of the communication system itself under the influence of a number of objective and subjective factors. Among these factors, the authors highlight: information overload of the communicative process, malicious actions to reduce the quality of information, dissemination of so-called "harmful information," appearance of cyberbullying, etc. In this regard, there is a need to develop software and methodological tools for sociological diagnostics of dynamic properties of information and communication space, recommendations to management structures to assess the destructive consequences of the decline in the quality of information, and social and management technologies to respond to the cyberinformational challenges of post-industrial society. It is concluded that in the modern sociocommunicative space there is an increase in dysfunctional production of information as the main resource of public administration.

91-96.pdf

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The presented article is devoted to the study of the problem of youth crime in modern Russian society, as well as to the analysis of the main methods of prevention of this phenomenon. The author attempts to characterize the modern system of preventive response to the threat of criminalization of the youth environment. Taking into account the specific characteristics of members of the youth demographic group subject to criminal influence, their inherent deviations and other characteristics affecting their behaviour, there is a need to intensify preventive measures as an alternative to punitive measures. The author notes that, along with this approach, there are opinions in modern Russian society that it is necessary to strengthen criminal responsibility, intensify leisure activities, form youth associations of constructive ideological content, in order to involve young people in social and political activities. In order to restore this function in the general system of socializing influence, it is necessary to adjust the concept of youth policy of the state aimed at developing modern methods of consistent prevention of deviant qualities of the individual in youth environment. In order to achieve this goal, it is especially necessary to develop a system of preventive measures at an early stage of age development, actively including in this activity not only the most active agents of socialization, such as school and other educational institutions, but also public organizations.

97-103.pdf

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The author notes the social importance of the activities of law enforcement agencies in the context of a changing society. The publication considers the place of the police in the structure of law enforcement agencies. The study focuses on the specifics of the activity of the Russian police officer, the need to correlate his behavior and decisions with social expectations and existing norms in society. The need for stereotypical thinking by a police officer in typical, repetitious situations is analyzed. Sociological analysis of such phenomenon as "social stereotype" is carried out. Its positive and negative effects on public opinion are indicated. The structure of the stereotype is presented and its relationship with the traditions and values prevailing in society is observed. The author claims that stereotyping takes place during the socialization process. A characteristic feature of the stereotype is its relation to reality - what is familiar to the person is good, what is unfamiliar is bad. The article notes that the stereotype in the professional activity of the police officer acts not only as his characteristic, but also can be applied in the assessment of his work by the social environment. Analyzing the study carried out by the Public Opinion Foundation in March 2020, the author concludes that with the general positive personal assessment of the work of the Russian police, the stereotype about the work of the police in mass consciousness is negative.

104-109.pdf

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The article discusses the concept of McDonaldization of childhood in the context of the consequences of globalization processes in modern society. The validity of the projection of McDonaldization on the space of childhood is proved based on the idea of G. Ritzer about McDonaldization as a type of rationality that takes place in modern society. It is proved that the McDonaldization of childhood is one of the significant types of rationality that are gaining momentum in the space of childhood. The author's definitions of the concepts are given in the article: McDonaldization of childhood and reflexivity of childhood. The understanding of the trend of childhood globalization is discussed, and the features of McDonaldization of childhood as one of the types of rationality of modern society are characterized. The necessity of analyzing the processes of McDonaldization and their relationship with other manifestations of globalization is substantiated: increasing global stratification and social inequality in childhood, globalizing the risks of childhood and increasing its reflexivity, increasing the role of consumption in childhood, and increasing child mobility. It is proved that the consequences of globalization reflect the specifics and direction of changes in the space of modern childhood. The emphasis is placed on their interdependence and inconsistency. It is shown that the interpretation of the processes of McDonaldization of childhood may partially contradict such a consequence of the processes of globalization as an increase in the risks of childhood. But at that time, it successfully explains such manifestations of globalization as the growth of the sphere of consumption of modern children, and the increase in the mobility of children. The article notes that the discussion of the McDonaldization of childhood and other trends in the globalization of childhood introduces a number of topics to the agenda of the sociology of childhood that are not yet properly reflected in the sociological literature on childhood.

110-117.pdf

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The article consistently addresses the problems of social tension, which includes an analysis of the essence of social tension and the definition of its grounds in society. The starting point of the study is to determine the specificity of human needs specified by culture and society, as well as their relationship to the system of priorities of the individual. The article justifies that the nature of human needs and the measure of their realization are directly related to the level of satisfaction with the social situation. At the same time, the low level of satisfaction with basic needs is considered to be an important condition for the formation of social tension. The authors come from a classical understanding for sociology of the hierarchy of needs. However, it is believed that in the post-modern era it is not uncommon to replace (a kind of sublimation of needs). Unrealized requests sublimated by participants in social practices to achieve non-essential goals lead to a situation of anomaly and also often become the basis of social conflict. The article also draws attention to the fact that social tensions themselves can be the object of interpretation, as a result of which the characteristics of the world view of members of society change. The result of this kind of phenomenon is a spillover of social tension in a certain direction, which carries significant social risks. Conclusions are drawn on the importance of modern information processes as a factor in mainstreaming or reducing social tensions.

118-125.pdf

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The presented article is devoted to the study of the problem of deviant behavior in modern Russian society, as well as to the consideration of the sociocultural foundations of the modern system of prevention, in the context of various methodological approaches. The paper notes that the increasing trend of social deviations arises as a result of the socialization of the individual in a society with an unstable and ideologically non-regulated system of legal and cultural values and moral norms. The author considers deviant behavior as a socially conditioned, integrative phenomenon, the process of formation of which takes place under the influence of the social environment. Analyzing various theoretical and methodological approaches to the subject under consideration, the author suggests that the complex specificity of the issue leads to an interdisciplinary nature of the study of problems of prevention of deviating behavior. He also notes that in analyzing the sociocultural foundations of modern preventive mechanisms, the role of the cultural component in the process of personal and legal socialization should be determined. In turn, legal socialization, as a form of preventive influence on the person, is conditioned, first of all, by the existence of a system of spiritual and legal values, which represent the legal-cultural aspect of social relations, as well as by the effectiveness of the functioning of socialization institutions that form the social qualities of the individual. The article also notes that the weakening of fundamental values leads to contradictions between the system of cultural values and, of various kinds, subcultural trends, which in turn lead to deviant forms of behavior. Consequently, the development of social deviations results from the socialization of the individual in a society with an unsustainable system of legal values and moral norms.Thus, the formation of deviant practices in modern Russian society is directly related, first of all, to the dysfunctionality of the process of socialization, which includes the preventive work of state institutions, as well as to the legal-cultural transformation in the world view of the individual caused by the abnormal state of the society. In this socio-cultural situation, the necessary condition in modeling the modern system of preventive impact should be an increase in the general level of legal culture, and its content not only as a result of social consensus, but also the cultural need of society.

126-130.pdf

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The proposed article discusses in detail the main research approaches to studying the problem of suicidal behavior of adolescents and young people. Considering such forms of deviance among young people as the use of narcotic and psychotropic drugs, the participation of young people in illegal armed groups, etc., the author notes that suicide is the most dangerous form of deviant behaviour. It is based on both socio-economic prerequisites and psycho-pedagogical and social factors. The author proves the need to use an integrative approach in the organization of effective systems of preventive activities. On the basis of the analysis of domestic and foreign statistics provided by the World Health Organization, the destructive potential of suicidal behaviour is assessed. The article proposes a generalized social image of a young person taking an interest in suicidal practices. As the main cause of youth suicides, the author identifies the activity of social networks, in particular suicidal games such as "Blue Whale," Momo, "Red Owl" and some others. The article also notes that free access to the Internet space of an overwhelming number of modern youth significantly increases the risk of this information threat, which greatly increases the need for preventive measures by law enforcement, educational and other interested agencies.

131-135.pdf

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The results of our research show that ethnic identity of the norm type dominates in mass consciousness of urban people, but ethnic indifference and other negative types of ethnic identity are also available. It is inferred that ethnic identity, as well as other types of social identity is an important factor of social well-being of a man. Furthermore, the research demonstrates that the Republic type of identity dominates in mass consciousness of urban people of Daghestan, the Russian identity holds the second position, the religious identity is at the third place, and the generation identity holds the fourth place. Ethnic and urban identity are unimportant for city people of the Republic, although the authors’ thesis was based on the idea of possible domination of city identity among respondents but it was not found out by the results of social research. Indicators of generating ethnic identity are national language, national traditions, religion, and historical past. Weak positions of city self-identity are obvious through an indicator “life together at the same territory” marked by the one fifth part of the respondents. There are no differences in defining markers of ethnic identity in concrete cities. Further, least of all in mass consciousness of citizens the ethnodeterminant "national clothes, the dwelling, way of life", in comparison with other subgroups, is demanded, the Dargins (the one seventh part) and the Kumyks (every tenth) who designated importance of this sign are allocated. Statistically unimportant part of respondents considers that they have nothing in common with representatives of their ethnic community and among them are the Dargins, Lezgins and Kumyks. Besides, the analysis of empirical material in the cities revealed the existing differences – the importance of national traditions and customs at some downgrade of national language. This position is due to the weakening of ethno-linguistic identity, respectively, linguistic behavior of the urban population of the Republic. The dominance of Russian as a language of inter-ethnic communication has naturally contributed to the decline in the importance and status of the national language.

136-148.pdf

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Culturology

Traditionally, there is an idea that language has an auxiliary function in relation to culture, acting as a communication tool. However, these days, against the backdrop of the increasing complexity of culture and the expansion of areas of social interactions, its functions are being transformed and often relate to those facets where language becomes the central problem of culture and its preservation directly affects the development of culture. The purpose of this article is to consider the static-dynamic properties of a language in the context of its modern functions. Realization of this goal requires solving the following tasks: to consider the change in the role of language that has occurred in our days; to study the signs of static elements; identify features of the dynamic properties of the language. The object of study is the language as an integral part of culture, the subject is the dialectical relationship of the static and dynamic elements of the language. As a result of the analysis, static and dynamic signs were identified, and it was also established that in the current realities, a purposeful change in language cannot be realized. In turn, the nature of the relevant influence factors shows minor changes, indicating the viability of the language.

149-155.pdf

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