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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology” |
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#1 / 2017HistoryButova O.A.Adyghes of the Northwest Caucasus at the final stage of the Caucasian War: attempts of political consolidation In the first half of the 19th century one of the aspirations of Adyghes in the Northwest Caucasus was political consolidation. The author states that considerable impact on their political consolidation was exerted by a military policy of Russia and distribution of Mouridism in the North Caucasus. At the final stage of the Caucasian war in 1861 in the valley of the river Sochi Adyghes founded extraordinary authority — Majlis, the basic concern of which was reorganization of a military and administrative system, as well as the diplomatic measures directed to the organization of international aid in fight of Adyghes against the Russian tsarism. However, the potential of the state law-making was not entirely realized since the Caucasian War was ended with conquest of the Western Circassia.
East-West in Orhan Pamuk's literary works (in novels "My Name is Red", "The Silent House", "The Museum of Innocence") This work analyzes the sociocultural aspect of a problem "East-West" through the example of novels of the Turkish writer and publicist, Nobel laureate in literature (2006) Orhan Pamuk "My Name is Red", "The Silent House" and "The Museum of Innocence".
Last military governor of the Daghestan area Vladimir Viktorovich Ermolov (To the 100 anniversary of the February Revolution of 1917) This paper provides coverage of military and administrative state activity of the last military governor of the Daghestan area Vladimir Viktorovich Ermolov. By virtue of the fact that he administrated the affairs of the area for only about two months, very little information about him is presented in historiography. The revealed archival documents and materials, as well as the military history sheet of the general partially meet the specified lack. This historical figure is of interest also by the fact that he is the grandson of Alexey Petrovich Ermolov, the former commander of the Separate Georgian Corps, administrator for a civil part in the Caucasus and in the Astrakhan province.
The Adyghe etiquette in an assessment of Russian and European authors of the 15-19th centuries The paper deals with features of perception of the Adyghe culture. Making an analysis of behavioral principles and system of spiritual - moral values, the author pays special attention to the analysis of custom of hospitality as to institute of peacekeeping and preservation of social harmony in traditional society.
The Kazan teacher's seminary in the light of revolutionary events of 1905-1907 This work examines the events happening in the Kazan teacher's seminary during the first Russian revolution of 1905-1907. The research was conducted by means of studying the archive data and editions of periodicals of the pre-revolutionary period.
"Either lice will overcome socialism, or socialism will overcome lice …": on sanitary epidemic situation in the Urals in the 1920s On the basis of a wide range of sources, including funds of regional and federal archives, an analysis is made of the development of the Soviet public sanitary epidemic service in the Urals in the 1920s. The problems, got by inheritance from the ended Civil war, were characteristic of this stage. It was necessary to create new regulatory sanitary base and overcome pandemics of epidemies. The main attention was paid to improvement of conditions of life, and to emergency measures on fight against social diseases. The author comes to a conclusion that during the considered period in the Urals there was created the state system of the sanitary epidemic help which laid the foundation for complete elimination of a number of diseases.
SociologyAbramov M.A., Kurnosenko A.A., Grishay V.N.Features of evolution of the concept of patriotism in the Western and Russian Socio-Humanistic Studies An attempt is undertaken to examine patriotism, including a direct development of a question of structure and social presentation of patriotism, both the phenomenon and the analysis of the place of patriotism in culture and society. The issue of patriotism formed within the complete social research, appears at the same time as the deep field of theoretical elaborations and as a vital applied issue, the solution of which can promote creation of effective strategy of impact on society’s condition.
Individual personal self-determination in daily social practices The research is carried out of such reflexive activity of the personality as daily vital self-determination of the personality which is considered at several levels: daily social practices, i.e. at the level of individual personal "prevailing" of the individual in society, individual personal ontology, and specific life of the individual in society. All main types of individual personal self-determination, both from the point of view of daily social practices and theoretical measurement from social and philosophical positions are forms of vital self-determination.
Social reflection as reproduction mechanism of public structure In the conditions of a universalization, of the increasing relevance becomes development of mechanisms of reproduction of the social structures directed to decreasing a negative impact of separate consequences of global transformation. In this regard the present paper exlores the nature and character of a social reflection as basis of development of the social relations and preservation of social consciousness.
Institute of the higher education as socialization agent of the Russian modern youth The present paper analyzes the main approaches to a research of process of students’ socialization at modern higher education institution taking into account tendencies and problems of youth socialization and its value-based self-determination. Also the work actualizes the problem of creation of conditions for spiritual - moral development of youth in the course of obtaining the higher education.
Reality of virtual morals in information society: risks and threats to human existence The paper covers the issues of the person’s reality virtualization in information society. The new reality marked by the global nature of information exchange, generates absolutely new moral qualities, the basic basis of which is information value. Transformation of real human existence in virtual existence sets rigid dependence on virtualization and is serious threat to loss of real human life, identity of consciousness, personal and social experience, personal intellectual potential and is a prerequisite of threats to information security of the personality.
Traditional and innovative societies in the conditions of global transformation External social environment shows passivity and elasticity in relation to the modifying influence. It does not create a basic threat to local society with traditional way of life. At the same time, the higher the level of independence of the external environment of specific society, the more essential is its influence on local social structure. And in this regard there are two main ways to preserve its integrity: the active expansion directed to imposing to external social environment the relations, most convenient for specific society, or the isolation connected with purposeful principles to minimize external interactions.
The place and role of tolerance as one of the main legal values of modern youth in system of legal education The paper explores the place and role of tolerance in system of legal education of modern youth. From the point of view of the author, an effective way of formation of legal values is the specialized system of legal education including legal training and upbringing.
Possibilities of cultural tourism in socialization and social integration of persons with disabilities The paper examines the features of development of cultural tourism as factor of formation of a cultural picture of the world providing the specific prospects for development of the personality with disabilities. The values (or circumstances) connected with tourism and with social activity are shown not to be both paramount and absolutely insignificant for most of disabled wheelchair invalids. However, speaking about such area of manifestation of social activity of disabled wheelchair invalids as an orientation to active forms of carrying out leisure, it is possible to believe that the corresponding behavioral tendencies – if they are not the most typical of most of disabled wheelchair invalids – can be considered as culturally accepted in their environment.
Modern megalopolis and its influence on adaptation of professional actors in Russia The paper explores the city space of modern megalopolises from the point of view of the social and economic environment. The authors track evolution of understanding of the city and city space. It is emphasized that the prompt urbanization broke former forms of social life and led to emergence of a set of social and psychological problems in modern residents of megalopolises and big cities. Change of professional strategy and emergence of new socio-economic groups are marked. The analysis of behavior of new social groups of players in the conditions of the changed city space is also presented in the work.
Anti-corruption in the Russian society at the beginning of the 21st century: sociological and social legal aspects The paper shows that anti-corruption in modern Russia represents a complex social and administrative problem. The sociological analysis with need has to consider also social and legal aspects of the problem, and possess necessary tools to assess efficiency of rules of law in the context of anti-corruption.
Legal nihilism as special form of deformation of sense of justice in modern Russia The paper explores legal nihilism as special form of deformation of legal consciousness of citizens in modern Russia. In this work, the author analyzes specifics of sense of justice of citizens, level of legal culture, as well as prevention mechanisms of the consequences of legal nihilism in society.
Extremism in a context of the subject - object institutional interactions of television and the Russian transformed society The modern Russian television, which is deeply integrated into space of global information society, is in many respects a retranslator of standards of the culture industry. It operates low feelings, emotions, arousing needs of nature of people. As a result, deformation of consciousness of television audience increases, the consequence of which is extremism.
Contemporary system of law-enforcement bodies in the conditions of change of sociocultural stratification This paper explores the processes of marginalization of Russian modern society and their influence on the dynamics of transformation of the social status of staff of law-enforcement bodies. The author analyzes features of this process, as well as the place and role of system of law and order in formation of tendencies of social mobility.
Sociocultural aspects of inclusive education of children with limited functionality The paper discusses the basic principles and the purposes of inclusive education as element of socialization of children with limited functionality. The author analyzes the importance of measures for a social inclusion from the point of view of formation at children of basic social competences. The publication emphasizes that the change of the attitude of society towards people with disabilities is important as a factor showing their effective socialization and personal development.
The main tendencies in development of the Russian higher school in the context of globalization: challenges for educational space The paper discusses the main tendencies in development of the Russian higher education and impact on it of globalization processes of world educational space. Special attention is paid to non-state educational sector as the promising direction of development of the higher school.
Value and semantic perception of the law as basis of legal identity of the youth in Adyghea: experience in social research The paper analyzes legal consciousness of youth of the Republic of Adyghea. The values, which are priority for representatives of the young population, are determined, and the features of value and semantic perception of the law are designated as the basic factors of formation of legal identity of youth.
Moral and legal fundamentals of journalism: historical retrospective and sociocultural aspect This paper discusses moral and legal basics of functioning of journalism in society. The material presented in the publication is analyzed in the context of historical retrospective and sociocultural factors of creation and development of the press and other mass media. The main attention is paid to legal regulation of journalism in the sphere of information.
CulturologyBelyakova I.G.The prospects of preservation of culture of indigenous people in the North under conditions of globalization The paper discusses ways of culture revival of unique society of peoples of the North. The author emphasizes that the phenomenality of this region is that the social and cultural habitat created in climatic conditions, extreme for life, is really unique. It is stated that indigenous people of the North experience serious difficulties in preservation of the culture, and their historical and cultural experience is underestimated. The author shows that problems of this region always attracted interest of the western researchers, emphasizing with that their globality, and gives some disputable estimates of the western scientists who were putting forward the thesis about degradation of the indigenous people of the North deprived of a traditional way of life and language. The author suggests that the imperative need of the solution of problems of revival of cultural traditions and language of these people is the development of special programs and formation of new effective models of cross-cultural communication in the conditions of dialogue of cultures. The successful experience in business of maintenance of cross-cultural dialogue developed within the new interstate unions, such as SCO can serve as an example. Importance of overcoming disagreements and barriers in restoration and development of languages of peoples of the North is highlighted.
Practice of political apologies in Canada: correction of past mistakes From the middle of the 1980th Canada proclaimed multiculturalism the official federal policy to guarantee to each citizen without his ethnocultural accessory the equal rights and freedoms. Fight against manifestations of any kind of discrimination became a paramount task of the government. Except taking measures to the prevention discrimination actions, the Canadian government paid attention to past events when the rights of these or those groups of society were violated or restrained. There were ideas of atonement of historical mistakes or, at least, official recognition of the unfair relation. This article opens the maintenance of a phenomenon "an official political apology" as it is realized in Canada. As a result of studying of official speeches of the federal government of Canada, and also the main documents fixing the status of an official apology the elements and characteristics peculiar to such sort of political statements are allocated and described. The mechanism of efficiency of similar political actions comes to light on the basis of the analysis of public opinion.
Media space in the sphere of mass communication: sociocultural reality The paper explores intrinsic bases of development of mass communications, their features, operating conditions and organizational and technical resources. Historical prerequisites and current trends of development of mass communications are investigated. The media space is studied as the phenomenon of modern mass media influencing development of society.
From history of economic culture of the North Caucasus people in the 18 - 19th centuries This paper describes systems of agriculture and national agricultural tools of the North Caucasus people. Also the author shows the distribution of various traditional cultural plants and agricultural tools, and emergence of new cultures in the region of the North Caucasus throughout the 18-19th centuries.
Prospects of multiculturalism in the context of global challenges and the cultural right The paper shows prospects of multiculturalism in the context of the global challenges creating a contradiction between the tendencies of modernization and value formats accepted in these or those social communities. The cultural right today is the answer to these challenges - synthesis of formal general provisions with value features of specific social organisms. The analysis of practice of realization of multiculturalism as theoretical-methodological and outlook platform of "the cultural right" from positions of cultural science shows that this strategy cannot thoughtlessly be applied, its use needs correction of the concept "multiculturalism" itself. Studying the experience of Azerbaijan from this point of view is of considerable importance since makes it possible to track sociocultural dynamics of application of "frame interpretation" of multiculturalism under conditions of current trends of globalization taking into account those real tasks for solution of which this strategy is successfully used.
Domestic comedy: translation problem The paper deals with a number of translation problems the author faced during translation and creation of the French subtitlings for the domestic movie "That Munchausen" of Director Mark Zakharov. The picture was shown to the French audience during several film festivals which took place in Besançon and Nantes and was positively apprehended by the French public. Nevertheless, results of surveys conducted after the festivals show that perception by French of many scenes of the movie differs from ours, and the reasons for that were not mistakes in translation because the translation of the movie was carefully checked by native speakers of French who also commented on each change in the translation made by them. Analyzing some examples of the translation, the author reveals a number of features of French which create obstacles to the French public at perception of the movie. Among them: aspiration to a specification, decoration of each phrase, more reserved transfer of emotional remarks, in particular, curses, and so forth. For each analyzed example the author gives the most literal translation into Russian to more visually show the happened translation transformation.
Levels of an icon perception in temple and museum spaces The paper examines levels of perception of an icon as work of painting and as church subject of worship. On the basis of the comparative analysis the author demonstrates the main differences in perception of an icon in the temple and in the museum. The basic rules of perception of an icon are analyzed.
JurisprudenceShekultirov B.I.Constitutional legal and political consciousness of Russians This paper discusses theoretical aspects of the constitutional legal and political consciousness of Russians and public authorities of the Russian Federation in legislative activity. Conclusions are drawn that this interaction is an important factor in development of our society.
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