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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology” |
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#3 / 2012PhylosophyN.A. PetrenkoComprehension: history and modernity Based on the analysis of works of domestic and foreign philosophers on comprehension, the author arrives at a conclusion that a lot of controversial and unsolved issues still remains along with certain developments in the study of the problem. This work is is a foundation for further study of the problem of comprehension. The purpose of this paper is to show the place of the problem of comprehension in science, culture and in life.
On terminal and instrumental ecologic – value orientations of modern consciousness The paper examines the interaction of terminal and instrumental socially-valued orientations of modern consciousness at a level of correlation of its ecological and economic interests, motives and necessities. The social background of such analysis is a daily occurrence as space of the Russian social identity, originating instrumental-regulating values, which are correlated with the searches for models of exit from a system economic crisis on the ways of modernization and steady development of society in which terminal ecologic – value orientations become of greater significance.
HistoryE.M. MalyshevaIdentity, spiritual potential of the Soviet society and formation of memory of the Great Patriotic War: Dialogue of the past with the present The paper gives reason to laws of historical continuity in destiny of Russia as factor of self-preservation in the conditions of threat to independence and inadmissibility of distortion of truth about World War II and the Great Patriotic War. On the basis of the analysis of German estimations the author reveals distinctions in approaches to elucidation of results and lessons of World War II and the Great Patriotic War in Russia and Germany. Also attention is paid to importance of development of meaningful dialogue between historians of two countries on these problems. Post-war generations need the authentic and originally scientific history of this difficult period reconstructed on the versatile source basis. Comprehension of the taken lessons forms identity and develops world outlook preferences of young generations of German and Russian citizens. Difficult process of research of constant and unstable characteristics of interaction of a society and the power of the military period is peculiar to modern approaches in studying history of the military period of the German and domestic newest historiography. In this context the author proves necessity of counteraction to distortion of history of war and the importance of solicitous attitude to historical memory not only as circumstances of a definition of the Russian identity, but also of the defensive factor and national safety of modern Russia.
The main directions of foreign policy of Great Britain in the Northwest Caucasus in the 1850-1860s The paper discusses the main directions of foreign policy of Great Britain in the Northwest Caucasus in the 1850-1860s, namely: counteraction to policy of Russia in the Middle East question, upholding a principle of free trade and use of emigrants in the political interests of Great Britain.
Historiography of the reign of Nikolay the First The paper deals with the history of studying an epoch of the reign of Nikolay I by a historical science. The author distinguishes and describes stages of development of a historiography and draws conclusions on formation of the scientific concept of history of the second quarter of the 19th century as period of strengthening the Russian statehood, social and economic and political transformations which have become a preparatory stage of Alexander II reforms.
Youth in the agriculture reorganization in the USSR at the boundary of 1920-1930s This urgent research shows possibilities of use of experience of youth participation in transformation of village for the decision of modern problems of agriculture. The purpose of research is to analyze a role of Komsomol in youth preparation to carry out continuous collectivization of agriculture. Research problems are related to elucidation of the basic lines of activity of Komsomol at a boundary of 1920-1930s. The subject of research is participation of youth in the agriculture reorganization in the USSR; the object is Komsomol and rural youth. As a result of research active participation of youth and Komsomol in agriculture transformation is proved.
The Northwest Caucasus and the Adyghes (Circassians) in a context of geopolitical interests of fighting powers (The end of the 1820s – the beginning of the 1840s) The paper examines the interstate contradictions which emerged after signing the Peace Treaty of Adrianople of 1829 in the center of which there were Northwest Caucasus and the Adyghes (Circassians). Change of interests of different powers, as well as of a political situation in the region is traced in accordance with the basic historical marks. Those are the Peace Treaties of Adrianople (1829) and Unkiar-Skelessi (1833) and the London Conventions (1840-1841).
Internal political struggle in the Western Circassia in 1854 – 1856 The paper discusses internal political struggle in the Western Circassia in 1854–1856. The authors show contradictions between two Adyghe political leaders – Sefer–Bey Zanoko and Mokhamed Amin – and analyze the reasons why political dissociation was preserved in the country of Adyghes during the Caucasian War.
The Northwest Caucasus as a part of the Russian Empire: from military conquest to search for ways of integration and realization of agrarian transformations An attempt is undertaken to define the primary goals of the Russian Empire in the North-Caucasus on ways of its integration in Russian uniform territorial, social, economic and political space, methods of their decision, as well as to show achievements and the obstacles, braking a solution of a problem.
Institute of police officer organization in the Caucasus: creation, activity, evolution (second half of the 18-th century – 1860) The paper is aimed at studying the institute of police officer organization in the Caucasus from the point of view of its role in development of the Russian system of administration managerial control in region and interactions with the population. The authors examine the process of formation of institute, development stages of police officer systems, the governmental policy in the relation of police officer organizations and features of activity of police officers. Conclusions are drawn on importance of police officer organizations in formation of the Russian governing in the Caucasus.
Environmental problems in the South of Russia: results of expeditional researches The aim of this research is to show the history of study of Pricaspie territory. The object of the paper is the participation of the first expeditions in regional researches.
The Istanbul treaty of 1724 and its implications for the Caucasian policy of Russia The paper discusses the issue of the most important outcome of the Caspian expedition of Peter I – the conclusion of the treaty in Istanbul in 1724. It was the first international treaty of the Russian state concerning the Caucasian lands. The role of the treaty for the North-Eastern Caucasus was the fact that the region has ceased to be the subject of international agreements exclusively of Safavid Iran and Ottoman Empire. Since 1724 Russia has become an indispensable party to such agreements. In fact, the North Caucasian peoples have been included in the Caucasian knot of Russia’s Middle East policy for long-term historical perspective.
The role of Maikop agricultural technical secondary school in training middle-link specialists for Adygheya in 1965-1991 The paper discusses the basic directions and features of training and education of middle-link specialists for agriculture in 1965-1991. This is the time of reforming the agricultural branch directed to an intensification of manufacture and to the decision of a personnel problem. The role of Maikop agricultural technical secondary school in solving the tasks in view is marked.
SociologyZ.Yu. KhuakoPolitical extremism: information aspect according to materials of sociological research The paper discusses features and various forms of display of political extremism in a society, as well as the theoretical and methodological bases of counteraction against political extremism. Special attention is given to preventive measures and counteraction against political extremism using information means.
Social dialogue in harmonization of the social relations The paper discusses the role of social dialogue as the most important characteristic of development of the public relations. Social dialogue promotes formation of social partnership, social solidarity and the social world.
Socialization risks: theoretical and methodological issues of research Every serious study involves the initial methodological basis of the selected angle of study. This study is based on a thorough theoretical and methodological analysis of the experience gained in the study of this scientific problem. In this regard, this paper is devoted to the analysis of theoretical and methodological issues in studying the socialization risks in the current scientific literature because of the need to find new methodological tools to study this complicated scientific problem in the changed conditions of socialization space of modern society.
Theoretical and methodological aspects of the PR-culture in conditions of informational transformation of the modern society This paper discusses the basic approaches to the definition and analysis of the PR-technologies existing in the national and Western science, on the basis of which the category of the “PR-culture” is operationalized and a definition of this phenomenon is given. The author notices that the research on the PR-culture in sociology has not appeared at the level of the conceptual development yet. Therefore this is an objective argument to create the methodological field of the PR-culture researches.
The production organization in system of social self-control In this paper, we consider the production organization as a social system, focused on performance of the economic functions. Having in mind that the development of industrial organizations occurs through the achievement of stated goals, we believe that the system of social self-regulation as a process of social self-sufficiency in organization space creates the preconditions for the formation of integration points in the organizational space.
The role of education in shaping the culture of professional management of the Russian sports system The paper reveals the role and specificity of the Russian education system in personnel training for the management of the sports system. It is inferred that there are no special programs for middle managers in the sports industry who can organize, for example, work in any gym.
Sociocultural bases of public service functioning This work examines the sociocultural aspects of public service functioning, which determine its contemporary character and prospects for development.
Features of career management of public employees The paper defines the role of career management as a mechanism for the development of the public service in Russia. The authors distinguish stages of career management of a public employee and the factors that affect the career development.
Institutional surroundings of simulation practice of adaptation The paper deals with the process of institutionalization of shadow social practices in different spheres of life of Russian contemporary society in the aspect of its influence on the content and orientation of social adoption of young people.
RETRACTED on September 4, 2019. Business as one of the subjects of production of vital means and cultural samples: socio-cultural aspect Retraction of this publication is due to the discovered plagiarism – The source: Makhmudov F.M. Formation of youth business as subject of manufacture of vital means and cultural samples // The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University. Series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology” - Maikop: Adyghe State University Publishing House, 2009, Issue 3. This paper shows that some advantages are peculiar to small business, namely: high level of adaptation to local conditions of managing; great independence of actions of subjects of small business; flexibility and efficiency in acceptance and implementation of accepted decisions; the great opportunity for the businessman to realize his ideas and to show his abilities; the low need in the initial capital and ability to quickly introduce changes into production and manufacturing process in reply to requirements of the local markets.
JurisprudenceZ.A. Zhade, A.M. Chadje, Z.Yu. KhuakoBases of political and legal identity of Russians and the constitutional values: conceptual analysis The paper examines such objects of identification as policy and the right being important factors of consolidation of the Russian society. Political and legal identity is defined as a multidimensional concept in which civil, political and legal components correspond to each other to some extent. Proceeding from the analysis of the essence of political and legal identity and the constitutional values, a thesis is substantiated that search for identity is in many respects related to perception by Russians of the constitutional values and their rights.
Democracy institutes as a constitutional value The paper examines the main institutes of democracy, namely: a referendum, elections, a popular law creative initiative, collective appeals of citizens to public authorities and local government etc. The author shows the general regularities and features of their realization in the Russian Federation and in foreign countries. It is inferred that a vector of development of the civilized democratic state is revival of authority of national will, education of civil activity of society and providing a worthy place of representative bodies in the mechanism of the state government and local government.
Realization of principles of equality of citizens before the law, justice and humanity taking into account gender features in criminal law The paper addresses the issues of realization of criminally – legal principles of equality, justice and humanity in norms of the General part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, taking into account requirements of a gender approach in criminal law. The author examines the privileges for women fixed in the criminal legislation. It is inferred that such approach of the legislator creates some gender asymmetry. In this connection the corresponding changes in the criminal law are proposed.
Issue of cash: financial and legal aspect The paper discusses the various points of view of financial and legal aspect of issue of cash. It is inferred that in order to improve the financial and legal regulation of settlement legal relationships the more important circumstance is a standard fixing the concept of “currency issue”, in particular “issues of cash”. It is worthy of noting that questions of monetary issue which is a starting point of all monetary turn should occupy the main place when considering actual problems of cash monetary circulation. At the same time, it is important to understand that monetary issue represents not simply release of money for the circulation – it is the independent direction of financial activity of the state.
CulturologyB.A. AgirbovaThe culture-forming role of public relations This paper discusses the culture-forming role of public relations (PR), features of PR-impact on a society, aiming at correction or formation of certain public opinion concerning this or that object or a question. The place and a role of culture in the life of society are considered. Features of formation of culture of the person and the society as a whole are defined. Also PR-activity of official bodies on formation of certain culture of behavior of a society, as well as the results of influence of public relations on the formation of public opinion are analyzed using an example of various state structures.
Political ScienceB.I. ShekultirovCorruption in Russia as a threat to state and national security This paper analyzes corruption in Russia as the phenomenon posing a threat to state and national security and to mass consciousness. Corruption is considered from the different points of view: legal, social, economic, political, moral and household. The author analyzes indissolubility and imperfection of our legislation, its discrepancy and problematical character giving the chance for realization of frauds by criminal structures and possibilities of ducking out with impunity. The rational maturity of a society as a result of counteraction against corruption in mass consciousness etc. is disclosed.
Democratization and “perfection” of the government system in the North Caucasus in the 1920-1930s The paper discloses the semantic meaning of democracy as the form of governing. The Civil War and strong class struggle removed democracy principles for a while. Clauses of the Constitution of RSFSR of 1918 and of the USSR of 1924 were in certain contradiction with the real affairs at places. Actions of extreme bodies of the state (1921-1924) debarred workers from the country governing. This paper provides specific digital data on revival of ethnic minorities in the North Caucasus.
Analytical forecasting the administrative practice evolution in the aspect of local and regional projection (as shown by the the South of Russia materials) The paper addresses the issues and prospects of evolution of administrative practices in the field of political and state governance in local and regional projection. Attention is focused on the risks of administrative sphere and on forecasting the construction of the dynamic models of regional security in the context of government structure reforming.
State building as a political process (research areas) This paper focuses upon the definition of “state building”, its origin and theoretical approaches in a contemporary political science.
Political and disputed aspects of the relations in system of the budgetary federalism of modern Russia (the center – regions – municipalities) The paper deals with the political conflicts, arising during creation and operation of the fiscal federalism system in Russia. The author shows how the nature of political conflict relations in this field changed from 1990 to the present. An analysis is made of the influence of defects of modern model of fiscal federalism on the growth of social tension in the Russian society at the local and regional levels.
Specific features of electoral behavior of citizens in modern Russia This paper discusses specific features of behavior of the domestic electorate, conditioned by peculiarities of political and socio-cultural development of modern Russia. The main attention is focused on the importance of the traditionalistic component in the worldview and behavioral patterns of Russians which influences the electoral behavior. Major trends in electoral behavior of Russian citizens are identified.
Methodological construct of study of the “color revolution” phenomenon The paper shows that the adequate usage of sociological tools to analyze the “color revolution” phenomenon is possible on the basis of established methodological construct, which is based on conceptual and methodological assumptions: (1) the concept of “fluid reality”, (2) the concept of “flickering” network, multiple identities, (3) informational, non-coercive influence in the artistic and aesthetic form on the mass consciousness, (4) the concept of autonomous character of sphere of public space in relation to the existing political order, which is located between the official and private spheres and contains non-formal institutions and which is directly accessible to different layers and groups of society, (5) the global information society as a unity of the real and virtual reality, with its creative character and (6) the concept of social justice.
Ideology in contemporary Russia The paper examines the periods of evolution of ideological situations in the Russian modern society. Attention is focused on the following periods: the period of perestroika and the revaluation of socialist values (1985-1991); the period of de-ideologisation of Russian society (1991-1996); the period of search for ideology for Russia (1996-2000); the period of implementation of neo-liberal values (2000-2008); and the period of revaluation of values of the neo-liberal ideology and the restoration of the neo-conservative values under the name of modernistic ideology (2008- the present ).
Russia’s political elite: features of the formation and development An analysis is made of the current political elite of Russia, of mechanisms and characteristics of its formation and development. The author describes the channels of elite recruiting and their functions and gives the results of opinion polls.
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