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The Bulletin of the Adyghe State University, the series “Region Studies: Philosophy, History, Sociology, Jurisprudence, Political Sciences and Culturology” |
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#2 / 2026HistoryLyudmila V. BURYKINA, Larisa D. FEDOSEEVASOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ETHNOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE ADAPTATION OF ESTONIAN COLONISTS IN THE NORTH-WEST CAUCASUS IN THE POST-REFORM PERIOD
This article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the socio-economic and ethnocultural adaptation process of Estonian immigrants in the North-Western Caucasus during the second half of the 19th century. This period was marked by active migration processes, including resettlement of peoples of the Russian Empire to new lands. Estonians, experiencing a lack of land resources in their homeland, were also involved in this process, choosing various regions as their new place of residence, including the North-Western Caucasus. This study aims to analyze how Estonian settlers integrated into local society and adapted to new economic conditions and what ethnocultural transformations both the settlers and the host population underwent. The internal and external factors prompting Estonians' movement to the region are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the agrarian policy of the Russian Empire, the resettlement program, and the socio-economic situation in the Baltic region. The geography of the settlement of Estonian settlers in the North-Western Caucasus is studied, the main settlements and their administrative subordination are identified. The article examines the process of Estonians developing new lands and the agricultural sectors they occupied, farming methods and their interaction with the local population are examined. The influence of climatic, soil, and economic
conditions on the agricultural activities of settlers is analyzed. The article examines how Estonians introduced their traditional agricultural skills and new elements into local economies, contributing to the development of certain industries, and assesses the degree of assimilation of Estonian immigrants into local multinational societies. According to the authors, the level of adaptation of migrants is determined by four key factors: state migration policy, socio-economic situation in the region, natural and climatic conditions, and individual activity of migrants.
TEACHERS' SEMINARIES ON THE TERRITORY OF KUBAN IN THE LATE XIX — EARLY XX CENTURIES
The article examines the process of formation of such a form of teacher training in the Kuban as a teachers’ seminary. The chronological boundaries of the article are defined by the period of existence of teachers’ seminaries in the territory of the Russian Empire and in particular, in the Kuban region. The topic of this article is relevant from both the point of view of generalizing work on this research topic and the historical description of the issue. The purpose of the study is to examine the period of formation and development of teachers’ seminaries in Russia. This goal provides for the solution of the following research tasks: analysis of the need for creation of secondary educational institutions, a description of the main forms of teacher training during the period under review, a description of forms and methods of training teachers in Kuban teachers’ seminaries. The author gives a detailed description of the forms and methods of training in seminaries, comparing the quality of teacher training in these seminaries with that of teacher training courses. The issue of creating and operating women’s teaching seminaries in the Kuban region is also considered separately. The article shows an increase in the number of seminaries and their students due to an increase in demand for teachers for "folk" schools. The results of activities of teachers' seminaries are summarized, as well as their contribution to the
development of the national teacher education system.
RECONNAISSANCE AND SABOTAGE OPERATIONS OF THE 15th SEPARATE GUARDS MINER BATTALION DURING THE BATTLE FOR THE LIBERATION OF KRASNODAR IN FEBRUARY 1943
Analysis of the complex military and political events in Kuban during the Great Patriotic War remains a pressing research challenge today. The relatively weak research base on this subject strengthens the case for an in-depth study of this topic, given the emergence of new sources and attempts to revise, and sometimes distort, many chapters of the history of the Great War. One of these interesting and little-studied topics is the Red Army's sabotage operations during the Battle of the Caucasus.
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the reconnaissance and sabotage operations of the 15th Separate Guards Miner Battalion during the liberation of Krasnodar in February 1943. Based on declassified archival documents, combat logs, reports, and award certificates, the battalion's key operations are reconstructed, emphasizing the importance of specialized units within the Red Army and their contribution to the success of the Krasnodar military operation.
The objective of this work is to analyze the specifics and methods of reconnaissance and sabotage operations of the 15th Separate Guards Miner Battalion during the battles to liberate Krasnodar from the Nazi invaders in February 1943.
To achieve this objective, the article examines a number of interrelated tasks: using declassified documents published on the Russian Ministry of Defense's "Memory of the People" portal, it provides the first historiographic examination of the reconnaissance and sabotage operation conducted by the 15th Separate Guards Miner Battalion and the Higher Operational School for Special Purposes (VOSHON) of the Central Headquarters of the Militia in the Krasnodar region in February 1943; an assessment is made of the role and significance of the intelligence data collected by the battalion for the planning and execution of offensive actions
by Soviet troops; and the degree of interaction between the 15th Separate Guards Miner Battalion and other military units, in particular the 31st Rifle Division of the 46th Army; The battalion's contribution to the overall success of the Krasnodar Operation and the liberation of the city is described.
THE BATTLES FOR THE CAUCASUS (1942–1943) IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT
The paper is devoted to the review of the period of battles for the Caucasus during the Great Patriotic War in the light of the global plans of the geopolitical opponents of the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition. It is shown that the defeat of the Nazis in the South Russia thwarted their plans to remake the world, as a result of which almost all the countries of Africa, Latin America, and Eurasia could be under their rule. It was revealed that in India, Iran, and Turkey there were forces determined to work closely with Nazi Germany and fascist Italy, which created great risks for the Soviet Union. It is proved that the unfolding battle for the Caucasus during the Second World War was the result of a deliberate policy of Germany, at least since the First World War. The paper reveals the duplicitous nature of the foreign policy of the Great Britain and the United States. They are on the one hand helped the USSR, on the other, carried out close military and financial and economic cooperation with potential enemies of the Soviet state. It ia posed a threat to security and drew on significant military, economic and human resources. The work is based on the documents, statistical data, memoirs of participants in military events on both sides of the conflict, testimony of high-ranking prisoners of
war, and scientific research. The results of the study can be useful for workers in the fields of culture, science and education.
THE HISTORY OF STUDYING URBAN CLIMATE AS A FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF A COMFORTABLE REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT: FROM SCIENTIFIC PARADIGMS TO SOCIAL PRACTICE (USING THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF MAYKOP)
The article examines in detail the evolution of scientific ideas about urban climate in the context of their applied importance for the formation of a comfortable and safe urban environment. Using the example of the city of Maykop, capital of the Republic of Adygea, the historical trajectory of meteorological thought development is traced in detail from the first instrumental observations at the end of the 19th century to modern approaches to a comprehensive assessment of climatic comfort in urbanized territories. Special attention is given to the analysis of the specifics of the foothill landscapes, which determine unique microclimatic characteristics of the studied region. The authors analyze the consistent change in key scientific paradigms in the study of urban
climate. The focus is on the transition from traditional descriptive climatology to process-based mathematical modeling and the integration of climate knowledge into the social practice of modern urban planning. The study revealed a critical gap between the accumulated array of fundamental meteorological data and their actual practical use in the strategic management of the development of regional cities. Based on the findings, specific directions for the transformation of urban climate monitoring are proposed. The recommendations proposed by the authors can serve as a basis for developing long-term municipal programs to adapt urban infrastructure to global climate change. The authors substantiate the need to transform it into an effective tool for creating an ecologically sustainable and comfortable environment in Maykop, a typical representative city of medium-sized cities in Southern Russia.
THE CONCEPT OF THE EURASIAN HEARTLAND AND GEOPOLITICAL PATTERNS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE
Much of Russia’s imperial expansion in the second half of the 16th–19th centuries took place in the geopolitical vacuum created by the collapse of the Mongol empires (from the fall of the Yuan Dynasty in 1368 to the disappearance of the Great Horde from the political map in 1502). In contrast, the Black Sea basin became a serious obstacle, since the Ottoman Empire had established itself there about a century before the Russian state. The article analyzes a number of geopolitical concepts and ideas that form the theoretical basis for understanding the imperial period in Russian history as a historically and geographically determined process.
SociologyGennadiy Kh. AZASHIKOV, Irina Kh. MIKHAILOVAMANAGEMENT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUNICIPAL LIBRARY SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND RESOURCE CONSTRAINTS (A CASE STUDY OF THE MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY CULTURAL INSTITUTION «CENTRALIZED LIBRARY SYSTEM» OF MAYKOP)
The article is devoted to the problem of improving management of municipal library systems in the context of digital transformation and limited funding. The aim of the study is to identify key issues and identify strategic solutions to overcome them based on analysis of activities of MBUK "Centralized Library System" in Maykop city.
The empirical base consists of data from statistical reports from MBUK "CLS" in Maykop for the period 2023-2025, as well as regulatory documents regulating library activities and materials reflecting the experience of grant activities of the institution. Methods such as system and comparative analysis, statistical data processing and SWOT analysis are used.
The positive dynamics of key indicators were revealed: an increase in the number of library visits by 15,746 (to 430,489), an increase in requests from remote users by 14,312 (up to 185,448) and an increase of information activity in electronic environment. At the same time, systematic problems were identified: reduction of total library stock by 9.2% over three years, excess of disposal of documents over receipt by more than twice (13,678 copies vs. 6,314 in 2025). The fund's renewal rate is 2.2%, with a rate of 5-8%.
The share of employees under 30 years old is only 10%, with the target of 18%. Experience in diversifying sources of funding is shown by the creation of Library Plus Leisure Centre, participation in grants competitions and attraction of extra-budgetary funding (more than 2,000 books donated annually). The necessity of introducing a strategic approach to management, including active use of grant mechanisms, development of partnerships with NGOs and businesses, and creation of a system for continuous professional staff development is substantiated. Participation in the federal project to create model libraries (12 million rubles for modernization of two libraries and planned opening of a third in 2026) confirms the effectiveness of this development vector. Practical significance lies in possibility of replicating proposed solutions in other municipalities.
STRUCTURING DISCURSIVE STRATEGIES AND ELEMENTS OF POLITICAL IDENTITY AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS
The article presents the results of an empirical study of digital traces of political activity of young people in the North Caucasus macroregion. Based on a corpus of 4,600 messages collected from the VK social network and Telegram messenger, latent structures of political identity were reconstructed. The use of a hybrid methodology, combining deep learning algorithms with high-quality content analysis, made it possible to identify specific topology of political spectrum where neutral communicative background dominates (59 %) and "loyalty — protest" polarization has stable discursive nature. Special attention was paid to analysis of affective scenario modes. It was proved that political orientation is encoded through emotional register and cognitive scenarios of the future. The phenomenon of project radicalism among users of social media in the North Caucasus has been revealed, combining conflicting rhetoric with a request for accelerated modernization.
Based on the structural analysis, three key discursive strategies have been identified: instrumentalization of order (loyalist discourse), ethical delegitimization (protest discourse) and project gap (radical discourse). It has been shown that the digital environment functions not just as a broadcasting channel, but also as an independent space for constructing political subjectivity. Here, household deficits are transformed into political demands through normative markers of justice. The platform architecture (VK and Telegram) has been found to significantly affect the modes of representation, with neutral strategies being more prevalent on VK, while Telegram serves as an incubator for conflicting identities.
The practical significance of the work lies in the development of tools for predictive diagnostics of semantic fields, which makes it possible to record phase transitions from social problematization to radical forms of protest at the early stages of their discursive evolution.
THE CONCEPT OF "CIVILIZATION" IN SOCIOLOGICAL DISCOURSE: FROM THE CONCEPT OF MULTIPLE MODERNITIES TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF IDENTITY
This article analyzes the evolution of the concept of "civilization" in contemporary sociological discourse, from classical approaches to multiple modernities and civilizational analysis to contemporary theories of civilizational identity construction. The starting point for the analysis is the stage in the development of theoretical thought during which civilizational analysis was institutionalized within the field of sociology and became part of sociological discourse proper. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of essentialist and constructivist approaches to civilization. The focus is limited to those theoretical approaches that possess
heuristic potential for analyzing the processes of civilizational identity construction. The author believes that for empirical research on civilizational identity, it is important to document the methods of its articulation, reorientation, and contextualization. It is concluded that the constructivist approach opens the possibility of studying civilizational discourses, the production, and reproduction of structures in different groups and regions, which corresponds to the objectives of analyzing the construction of civilizational identity and identifying the structural and institutional differentials of its reproduction.
EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES IN BUILDING TRUST BETWEEN THE AUTHORITIES AND SOCIETY
The article analyzes the experience of various foreign countries in the process of forming and strengthening trust between the government and society. Trust in the government is the main element of civil political culture. Without trust, there is neither civil society nor strong political power. In this regard, the problem of trust in power is one of the most pressing topics for study in socio-political sciences. The problem of trust between power and society has been actively studied by sociologists and political scientists over the past decades. The article also examines the factors that shape society's trust in the state. It is noted that interpersonal and institutional trust are different types of trust, while the factors of their formation are largely similar. The question is raised about the existence of a relationship between the level of society's trust in the state and the degree of its development. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of institutional mechanisms that are used in countries with a high level of trust in the authorities. Based on a comparative analysis, the most effective strategies and approaches are identified that can be used to strengthen trust between the authorities and society in other countries.
SOCIAL MANAGEMENT IN EDUCATION: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of social management in the field of education as a key mechanism ensuring the sustainable development of educational organizations in the context of a profound transformation of society. The abstract discusses conceptual approaches to understanding social management, its role in managing human resources, forming social capital, maintaining psychological wellbeing, and organizing constructive interaction between participants in the educational process. Special attention is paid to the impact of digitalization, the growth of multiculturalism, increased competition and changing social expectations, which requires high flexibility of management decisions and the application of innovative strategies. It is emphasized that social management allows you to create partner networks, develop inclusive practices, improve communication and increase the level of engagement of students, teachers and parents. The abstract also reflects the results of an analysis of modern research showing that the quality of social interactions is directly related to innovation potential, the effectiveness of the educational environment and the level of trust within the organization. It is concluded that social management is a necessary element of modernizing education, ensuring adaptation to modern challenges and the formation of sustainable development models. The presented article is aimed at researchers, teachers, managers and students interested in the management of social processes, and can serve as a theoretical and practical basis for further scientific developments and management decisions. The materials of the article emphasize the importance of an interdisciplinary approach combining pedagogical, sociological, managerial and psychological concepts, which allows for a deeper understanding of the nature of
social processes in education. The presented conclusions demonstrate that the further development of social management requires the expansion of research methodologies, improvement of management practices and the active involvement of all participants in the educational environment in the processes of joint decision-making. This makes social management the most important tool for the formation of sustainable educational systems capable of effectively responding to changes, supporting personal development and providing high-quality education in social and cultural contexts.
REPRODUCTIVE ATTITUDES OF STUDENTS OF THE REPUBLIC OF ADYGEA AND THE KRASNODAR TERRITORY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEMOGRAPHIC POLICY IN RUSSIA
Based on the sociological research conducted by the author's team, the article analyzes the reproductive attitudes of students in the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygea. It is noted that the identified reproductive potential of students in these regions exceeds the current fertility rates in the region, however, due to the presence of material difficulties and infrastructural constraints, planned reproductive behavior remains within the limits of simple reproduction of population. Demographic policy measures implemented in Russia as well as targeted initiatives and programs aimed at supporting birth rates in student families are considered. At the same time, obstacles of universal nature are noted which have a leveling effect on increasing birth rate. These include the second demographic transition and consequences of the demographic crisis in Russia in 1990s.. It seems that the prolongation of federal and regional initiatives, and, above all, the national Family Project, will expand the socio-economic conditions for increasing birth rates and strengthen the importance of having children in the minds of modern Russian students. The mechanisms for stimulating reproductive behavior of student youth are evaluated, taking into account universal demographic processes and the potential of Russia's demographic policy.
EVIDENCE. NOTES. COMMENTSAsker D. PANESHADYGE HABZE AND THE SEARCH FOR SPIRITUAL AND MORAL GUIDELINES IN MODERN SOCIETY: REFLECTIONS ON THE PAGES OF THE BOOK
The review analyzes the popular science publication "Adyge Habze: The Moral and Legal Code of the Adyghes" / compiled by A. Kh. Tleuzh. Maykop, 2024. — 396 p.
The work is devoted to the description of the traditional norms and rules of Adyghe etiquette — Habze, which has been formed over many centuries. The book is written in the genre of popular science literature and, unlike traditional research monographs, is aimed at a wide range of readers.
The author-compiler presents the key issues of the moral and legal code of the Adygs, based on the achievements of Adyghe scholars who collected all the traditions and customs of the Adygs and combined them into a unified system of norms and rules known as Adyge Habze. In turn, the ethical and normative regulations covered in this monograph are interpreted through the lens of the ontological nature of the Adygs, which is presented not only as a result of socio-historical transformations, but also as a meta-principle of spiritual and moral development. It is concluded that the value and socio-regulatory potential of Adyge Habze has not been exhausted and remains highly adaptive in the context of globalisation processes, meaning that it will continue to serve as a key institution for maintaining the ethnic identity of the Adygs in the foreseeable future.
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